Nguyen Ha Thi, Duong Hong-Quan
Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam.
Department of Cancer Research, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
Oncol Lett. 2018 Jul;16(1):9-18. doi: 10.3892/ol.2018.8679. Epub 2018 May 9.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) results from the progressive accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic aberrations within cells. The progression from colorectal adenoma to carcinoma is caused by three major pathways: Microsatellite instability, chromosomal instability and CpG island methylator phenotype. A growing body of scientific evidences suggests that CRC is a heterogeneous disease, and genetic characteristics of the tumors determine their prognostic outcome and response to targeted therapies. Early diagnosis and effective targeted therapies based on a current knowledge of the molecular characteristics of CRC are essential to the successful treatment of CRC. Therefore, the present review summarized the current understanding of the molecular characteristics of CRC, and discussed its implications for diagnosis and targeted therapy.
结直肠癌（CRC）是由细胞内多种遗传和表观遗传异常的逐步积累所致。从大肠腺瘤发展到癌是由三条主要途径引起的：微卫星不稳定性、染色体不稳定性和CpG岛甲基化表型。越来越多的科学证据表明，CRC是一种异质性疾病，肿瘤的遗传特征决定了其预后结果以及对靶向治疗的反应。基于目前对CRC分子特征的了解进行早期诊断和有效的靶向治疗对于CRC的成功治疗至关重要。因此，本综述总结了目前对CRC分子特征的认识，并讨论了其对诊断和靶向治疗的意义。
