IMDEA Water Institute, Avenida Punto Com 2, Parque Científico Tecnológico de la Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Rey Juan Carlos University, Calle Tulipán s/n, 29833 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
IMDEA Water Institute, Avenida Punto Com 2, Parque Científico Tecnológico de la Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Rey Juan Carlos University, Calle Tulipán s/n, 29833 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Oct 15;639:1110-1125. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.236. Epub 2018 May 26.
Considering the progressive depletion of groundwater quantity and the alteration of superficial and groundwater quality in the Madrid region, a highly populated area with extended urbanizations in the north and agricultural activities in the south, we conducted a monitoring study over a period of 2.5 years (2015-2017). The study was conducted in the Jarama-Tajuña shallow alluvial aquifer system located southeast of Madrid, where the exploitation of the aquifer and the Jarama river have increased exponentially in the last decade being affected by both urban and agricultural activities. Our aims were to provide: i) a geochemical characterization of the surface and groundwater properties; ii) identify the process responsible for the geochemical evolution and mineralization of the waters; iii) assess the water quality (i.e. nitrates, ammonia, sodium and chloride as potential contaminants) and the water suitability for irrigation (SAR, Wilcox, KI and MH indexes); and iv) identify the main sources of contamination in the area. A set of plots, ion ratios, correlation coefficients, multivariate statistical analyses and indexes were performed. Results indicated that rock weathering largely controls the hydrogeochemistry of the system and that wastewater treatment plant discharges and agricultural practices significantly affect the composition of the water, causing an important decline of both surface and groundwater chemical quality. Nonetheless, water suitability for irrigation is admissible. Thus, taking additional measures to increase its quality are not necessary. With this study we aimed to establish a base line to evaluate future changes in the groundwater properties from the Madrid region enabling the planners and policy makers to develop a strategy to mitigate the impact of the exponential increase of urban and agriculture activities on groundwater resources.
考虑到马德里地区地下水量的逐渐减少和地表水与地下水质量的变化，我们在 2.5 年的时间里（2015-2017 年）进行了一项监测研究。该研究在马德里东南部的 Jarama-Tajuña 浅层冲积含水层系统中进行，过去十年中，由于城市和农业活动的影响，该含水层和 Jarama 河的开采量呈指数级增长。我们的目的是提供：i）地表水和地下水性质的地球化学特征；ii）确定导致水地球化学演化和矿化的过程；iii）评估水质（即硝酸盐、氨、钠和氯等潜在污染物）和灌溉用水的适宜性（SAR、Wilcox、KI 和 MH 指数）；iv）确定该地区的主要污染源。我们进行了一系列的采样、离子比、相关系数、多元统计分析和指数分析。结果表明，岩石风化在很大程度上控制着系统的水文地球化学性质，而污水处理厂的排放和农业活动显著影响了水的组成，导致地表水和地下水化学质量的显著下降。尽管如此，灌溉用水的适宜性是可以接受的。因此，不需要采取额外措施来提高其质量。通过这项研究，我们旨在建立一个基准，以评估马德里地区地下水性质的未来变化，使规划者和决策者能够制定一项战略，以减轻城市和农业活动指数增长对地下水资源的影响。
