Binks Sally
Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto M5G 2C4, Ontario, Canada.
J Prof Nurs. 2018 May-Jun;34(3):205-210. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2017.08.008. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
The retrieval of information from memory through testing produces learning advantages that are superior to studying alone; a phenomenon called the testing effect. Despite strong and consistent evidence that testing improves retention and recall of information, and superior organization of information within memory, testing continues to be under-utilized as a pedagogical strategy by teachers and as a self-regulatory strategy by learners. Testing that promotes recall rather than recognition of information, that is repeated at intervals over time, and that is accompanied by feedback is optimal for promoting learning. In addition to using testing as a powerful teaching tool, educators should promote the use of self-testing by learners to support the life-long learning that is essential to professional practice.
通过测试从记忆中检索信息会产生优于单纯学习的学习优势；这一现象被称为测试效应。尽管有强有力且一致的证据表明测试能提高信息的保持和回忆能力，以及改善记忆中信息的组织，但测试作为一种教学策略，教师对其利用不足，作为一种自我调节策略，学习者对其利用也不足。促进信息回忆而非识别、随时间间隔重复且伴有反馈的测试最有利于促进学习。除了将测试用作一种强大的教学工具外，教育工作者还应鼓励学习者进行自我测试，以支持对专业实践至关重要的终身学习。
