Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 Aug;14(8):467-475. doi: 10.1038/s41584-018-0039-z.
Rheumatic diseases are a collection of disorders defined by the presence of inflammation and destruction of joints and internal organs. A common feature of these diseases is the presence of autoantibodies targeting molecules commonly expressed in neutrophils. These preformed mediators are released by neutrophils but not by other immune cells such as macrophages. Neutrophils, major players in the host innate immune response, initiate a cell death mechanism termed neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation as a way to ensnare pathogens. NETs are also a source of released self-molecules found in rheumatic diseases. Subsequently, research on the role of NETs in the onset, progression and resolution of inflammation in rheumatic diseases has intensified. This Review has two aims. First, it aims to highlight the mechanisms required for the generation of NETs, the research landscape of which is rapidly changing. Second, it aims to discuss the role of neutrophils and NETs in systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis (specifically anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis), rheumatoid arthritis and gout. Our goal is to clarify the field of NET research in rheumatic diseases in the hope of improving the therapeutic approaches utilized for these diseases.
风湿性疾病是一组以炎症和关节及内脏器官破坏为特征的疾病。这些疾病的一个共同特征是存在针对中性粒细胞中常见分子的自身抗体。这些预先形成的介质由中性粒细胞释放，但巨噬细胞等其他免疫细胞不释放。中性粒细胞是宿主固有免疫反应的主要参与者，它们会启动一种称为中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NET）形成的细胞死亡机制，以此来捕获病原体。NET 也是风湿性疾病中发现的自身分子释放的来源。随后，关于 NET 在风湿性疾病炎症的发生、进展和消退中的作用的研究迅速增加。这篇综述有两个目的。首先，它旨在强调生成 NET 所需的机制，这方面的研究正在迅速发展。其次，它旨在讨论中性粒细胞和 NET 在系统性红斑狼疮、血管炎（特别是抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体相关性血管炎）、类风湿关节炎和痛风中的作用。我们的目标是阐明风湿性疾病中 NET 研究的领域，希望能改进针对这些疾病的治疗方法。
