Corgosinho Paulo H C, Kihara Terue C, Schizas Nikolaos V, Ostmann Alexandra, Arbizu Pedro Martínez, Ivanenko Viatcheslav N
Department of General Biology, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Campus Universitário Professor Darcy Ribeiro, 39401-089 Montes Claros (MG), Brazil.
Senckenberg am Meer, Department of German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
Zookeys. 2018 Jun 13(766):1-38. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.766.23899. eCollection 2018.
Aegisthidae is one of the most abundant and diverse families of harpacticoid copepods living in deep-sea benthos, and the phylogenetic relationships within the family are in state of flux. Females of two new deep-water species of harpacticoid copepods belonging to the (Aegisthidae: Cerviniinae) are described. The first taxonomic description of marine copepod species based on the combined use of interference and confocal microscopy for the study of the habitus and dissected appendages is presented here. CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy) is a non-destructive method, comparable in quality to SEM (scanning electron microscopy) at the same magnifications. To observe and reconstruct in detail the habitus and dissected appendages, whole specimens and dissected parts were stained with Congo Red, mounted on slides with glycerine for CLSM and scanned under three visible-light lasers. and were collected from the sediments of the Southern Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea, from 2270 m and 5468 m depths, respectively. is included within Cerviniinae based on the caudal rami which are relatively divergent. is the sister taxon of based on the following synapomorphies: sturdy body, exopodites 1-3 of pereopods 1-3 heavily built, transformed into digging limbs, with strong outer and distal spines/setae, two-segmented endopod on the pereopods 2 and 3, and a reduced pereopod 5. Compared to exhibits a more developed armature on the pereopod 1, which has outer and distal elements transformed into strong and long spines vs. stiff setae on has one or two strong and long spines on the inner margin of the exopodite 3 of pereopod 4 and pereopod 5 is fused to the somite, ornamented with three distal setae. The telson of is subquadratic, and the furca is among the shortest yet described for Aegisthidae. The new species differ in a number of diagnostic characters, three of which are: a) the somite bearing pereopods 3 and 4 with latero-distal spiniform processes in but smooth in , b) antenna is armed with three stout spines on the lateral inner margin of the exopod in and two proximal setae in , and c) pereopod 4 exopodite 3 has two long and strong spines on the inner margin in and one spine in The high quality of CLSM images should foster discussion about the use of high quality digital images as type or as part of the type series in zoological studies, especially when studying rare and small macrofaunal and meiofaunal taxa.
艾氏猛水蚤科是生活在深海底栖生物中数量最为丰富且种类多样的猛水蚤科之一，该科内部的系统发育关系尚不稳定。本文描述了属于艾氏猛水蚤科（Cerviniinae亚科）的两种新的深水猛水蚤雌性个体。这里首次呈现了基于干涉显微镜和共聚焦显微镜联合使用来研究外形和解剖附肢的海洋猛水蚤物种分类描述。共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）是一种无损方法，在相同放大倍数下其成像质量与扫描电子显微镜（SEM）相当。为了详细观察和重建外形及解剖附肢，将整个标本和解剖部分用刚果红染色，用甘油固定在载玻片上用于CLSM观察，并在三种可见光激光下进行扫描。两种新物种分别从南大西洋和挪威海的沉积物中采集，深度分别为2270米和5468米。根据相对分歧的尾叉，[物种名1]被归入Cerviniinae亚科。基于以下共同衍征，[物种名2]是[物种名1]的姐妹分类单元：身体强壮，第1 - 3对步足的外肢1 - 3粗壮，转变为挖掘肢，具强壮的外侧和远端刺/刚毛，第2和第3对步足的内肢分两节，且第5对步足退化。与[物种名1]相比，[物种名2]的第1对步足上的刚毛更发达，其外侧和远端部分转变为强壮的长刺，而[物种名1]上为硬刚毛；[物种名2]在第4对步足外肢3的内缘有一或两根强壮的长刺，且第5对步足与体节融合，具三根远端刚毛。[物种名2]的尾节近方形，其尾叉是艾氏猛水蚤科中已描述的最短的之一。这两个新物种在许多诊断特征上存在差异，其中三个特征为：a）在[物种名1]中，着生第3和第4对步足的体节具外侧远端刺状突起，而在[物种名2]中则平滑；b）[物种名1]的触角在外肢外侧内缘具三根粗壮的刺，而[物种名2]具两根近端刚毛；c）[物种名1]的第4对步足外肢3的内缘有两根长而强壮的刺，而[物种名2]有一根刺。CLSM图像的高质量应有助于推动关于在动物学研究中使用高质量数字图像作为模式标本或模式标本系列一部分的讨论，特别是在研究珍稀小型大型底栖生物和小型底栖生物分类单元时。
