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Popliteal artery aneurysms account for 70% of peripheral aneurysms and must be treated surgically. The results of endovascular treatment are controversial. The objective of this study is to conduct a literature review on comparisons between open surgery and endovascular treatment for popliteal artery aneurysms. Searches were run on the LILACS and MEDLINE databases using the appropriate search terms and 15 articles were selected. A total of 5,166 surgical procedures were compared, 3,930 open surgeries and 1,236 endovascular surgeries. Open surgery with venous bypass is still the gold standard. Endovascular surgery offers shorter length of hospital stay and is a viable option for elective patients, those with short life expectancy, high surgical risk, comorbidities, and more advanced age. However, long-term studies are needed to establish the true benefits and indications for the two techniques, such as randomized clinical trials.