Shehata Mohamed A, Chama Mubanga F, Funjika Evelyn
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Zambia, Zambia, United Kingdom.
Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Zambia, Zambia, United Kingdom.
Trop Parasitol. 2018 Jan-Jun;8(1):12-17. doi: 10.4103/tp.TP_32_17. Epub 2018 May 28.
Urinary schistosomiasis caused by is common in some parts of Lusaka Province, Zambia, where water contact activity is high and sanitation is poor. We conducted a longitudinal study in Ng'ombe Compound of Lusaka, between 2007 and 2015, to observe the prevalence and intensity of infection among community primary school children, before and after receiving a single dose of praziquantel.
A total of 975 (445 females and 530 males) pupils, aged 9-16 years, were tested for at baseline. After mass treatment with praziquantel in 2010, 1570 pupils (785 females and 785 males), aged 9-15 years, were examined for eggs, from 2011 to 2015.
At baseline, 279 out of 975 of the children were infected, with light infections constituting 84.9% and 15.1% classified as heavy infection. After mass treatment with praziquantel, the prevalence rate dropped, slightly, to 20.3% (63 out of 310) in 2011. However, it increased the following years up to 38% (133 out of 350) in 2015, with prevalence rates higher in males than females. The average number of heavy infection cases increased to 24.3% (120 out of 494) after treatment, reducing cases of light infections to 75.7% (374 out of 494).
This study revealed that mass treatment with a single dose of praziquantel was not sufficient to significantly reduce the transmission of schistosomiasis. Further studies will need to evaluate whether multiple praziquantel treatments will be more therapeutically effective in limiting future incidences.
由[具体病原体未给出]引起的泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病在赞比亚卢萨卡省的一些地区很常见，这些地区人们接触水的活动频繁且卫生条件差。2007年至2015年期间，我们在卢萨卡的恩贡贝社区开展了一项纵向研究，以观察社区小学儿童在接受单剂量吡喹酮治疗前后血吸虫感染的患病率和感染强度。
共有975名（445名女性和530名男性）年龄在9至16岁的学生在基线时接受了血吸虫检测。2010年进行吡喹酮群体治疗后，在2011年至2015年期间对1570名（785名女性和785名男性）年龄在9至15岁的学生进行了虫卵检查。
基线时，975名儿童中有279名被感染，轻度感染占84.9%，重度感染占15.1%。吡喹酮群体治疗后，2011年患病率略有下降，降至20.3%（310名中有63名）。然而，在随后几年中患病率上升，到2015年达到38%（350名中有133名），男性患病率高于女性。治疗后重度感染病例的平均比例增至24.3%（494名中有120名），轻度感染病例比例降至75.7%（494名中有374名）。
本研究表明，单剂量吡喹酮群体治疗不足以显著减少血吸虫病的传播。需要进一步研究来评估多次使用吡喹酮治疗在限制未来发病方面是否更具治疗效果。
