Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.
Microbiol Spectr. 2018 May;6(3). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.RWR-0007-2017.
In bacteria and archaea, small RNAs (sRNAs) regulate complex networks through antisense interactions with target mRNAs in trans, and riboswitches regulate gene expression in based on the ability to bind small-molecule ligands. Although our understanding and characterization of these two important regulatory RNA classes is far from complete, these RNA-based mechanisms have proven useful for a wide variety of synthetic biology applications. Besides classic and contemporary applications in the realm of metabolic engineering and orthogonal gene control, this review also covers newer applications of regulatory RNAs as biosensors, logic gates, and tools to determine RNA-RNA interactions. A separate section focuses on critical insights gained and challenges posed by fundamental studies of sRNAs and riboswitches that should aid future development of synthetic regulatory RNAs.
在细菌和古菌中，小 RNA（sRNA）通过与靶 mRNA 的反义相互作用在转录水平上调节复杂的网络，而核糖开关则根据结合小分子配体的能力来调节基因表达。尽管我们对这两种重要的调节 RNA 类别的理解和表征还远不完整，但这些基于 RNA 的机制已被证明对各种合成生物学应用非常有用。除了在代谢工程和正交基因控制领域的经典和当代应用外，本综述还涵盖了作为生物传感器、逻辑门和确定 RNA-RNA 相互作用的工具的调控 RNA 的较新应用。单独的一节重点介绍了对 sRNA 和核糖开关的基础研究中获得的关键见解和提出的挑战，这些见解和挑战应有助于未来合成调控 RNA 的发展。
