Ogawa Naoki, Yoshizawa Kazunori
Systematic Entomology, School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
Systematic Entomology, School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
Arthropod Struct Dev. 2018 Jul;47(4):416-422. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2018.06.004. Epub 2018 Jun 28.
The gain of foldable wings is regarded as one of the key innovations enabling the present-day diversity of neopteran insects. Wing folding allows compact housing of the wings and shields the insect body from damage. Wing-fixing systems have evolved in some insects, probably to increase the durability of the shielding function by the wings. Bark lice (Psocodea) are known to possess a unique wing-to-wing repose coupling system, but a detailed morphological and evolutionary study of this system is lacking. In this study, we examined this repose coupling structure by SEM in 32 species including representatives of all three suborders of bark lice (Trogiomorpha, Troctomorpha and Psocomorpha). We concluded that the repose wing-coupling apparatus independently evolved twice within Psocodea. In Trogiomorpha, the apparatus is located on the subcostal vein of the forewing and is composed of elongated rib-like structures. In Troctomorpha and Psocomorpha, in contrast, the repose coupling structure is located on the radius vein of the forewing and is formed by a swollen vein. These morphological and developmental differences in the repose coupling structures also provide phylogenetic information at different systematic levels.
可折叠翅膀的获得被视为促成现今新翅类昆虫多样性的关键创新之一。翅膀折叠使翅膀能够紧凑收纳，并保护昆虫身体免受损伤。在一些昆虫中已经进化出翅膀固定系统，这可能是为了增强翅膀保护功能的耐久性。树虱（啮目）已知拥有独特的翅对翅静止耦合系统，但缺乏对该系统详细的形态学和进化研究。在本研究中，我们通过扫描电子显微镜检查了包括树虱三个亚目（毛啮亚目、啮亚目和粉啮亚目）代表在内的32个物种的这种静止耦合结构。我们得出结论，静止翅耦合装置在啮目内部独立进化了两次。在毛啮亚目中，该装置位于前翅的亚缘脉上，由细长的肋状结构组成。相比之下，在啮亚目和粉啮亚目中，静止耦合结构位于前翅的径脉上，由一条肿胀的脉形成。这些静止耦合结构的形态学和发育差异也在不同系统发育水平上提供了系统发育信息。
