Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Public Health, 367 Cedar Street, E.S. Harkness Memorial Hall, Building A, Suite 401, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208088, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2018 Jul;102(4):635-652. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2018.02.007.
Primary care is an important setting for delivering evidence-based treatment to address substance use disorders. To date, effective approaches to treat, care largely incorporate pharmacotherapy with counseling-based interventions and rely on multidisciplinary teams. There is strong support for primary care-based approaches to address alcohol and opioid use disorder with growing data focused on people living with human immunodeficiency virus and those experiencing incarceration. Future work should focus on the implementation of these effective approaches to decrease health disparities among people with substance use and to identify optimal approaches to address substance use in primary care and specialty settings.
初级保健是提供循证治疗以解决物质使用障碍的重要场所。迄今为止,有效的治疗方法主要包括药物治疗与基于咨询的干预相结合,并依赖多学科团队。越来越多的数据集中在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的人和被监禁的人身上,支持以初级保健为基础的方法来解决酒精和阿片类药物使用障碍。未来的工作应侧重于实施这些有效的方法,以减少有物质使用问题的人群中的健康差异,并确定在初级保健和专科环境中解决物质使用问题的最佳方法。