Adriko M, Tinkitina B, Tukahebw E M, Standley C J, Stothard J R, Kabatereine N B
Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Plot 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda; Uganda Institute of Allied Health & Management Science (UIAHMS), School of Medical Entomology and Parasitology, P.O. Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda.
Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Plot 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda.
Acta Trop. 2018 Sep;185:412-418. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.06.009. Epub 2018 Jun 20.
Lango region is the only known endemic region for urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis in Uganda. Although there has been no significant improvement in sanitation and safe water supply in the region over years, the endemicity and prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium, in particular, have declined, perhaps due to yearly mass treatment campaigns implemented since 2003.
We report the epidemiology of Urinary and Intestinal schistosomiasis in Lango since 1951-2011 determined through Microscopic examinations for S. mansoni and S. haematobium respectively. A retrospective data review from 195 to 2011 was done to establish the prevalence over the years in the region. We performed Poisson regression analysis to observe trends in epidemiology before and after control was initiated in 2002. In addition, malacological surveys were undertaken in 2007 to assess local transmission potential.
Contrary to earlier records, S. haematobium was low and confined to a few putative foci, with declined in infections from 28.2% in 1951 to 2.48% by 2011. Although this decline can be attributed to control, this was already much lower in 1967 than 1951, long before control interventions began suggesting that environmental changes may have made the habitat less suitable for the transmission of S. haematobium. Compared to the historical records S. mansoni prevalence first increased up immediately before control interventions in 2003, significantly declined (p=<0.001) until 2007. However, in 2007 and 2011 declined insignificant, (p = 0.656). No snail has ever been isolated shedding S. haematobium cercariae but many Bulinus snail spp. were found shedding S. bovis cercariae.
This suggests that a combination of environmental and mass treatment has had a significant impact on transmission in Lango region.
兰戈地区是乌干达唯一已知的泌尿和肠道血吸虫病流行地区。尽管多年来该地区的环境卫生和安全供水状况没有显著改善，但尤其是埃及血吸虫的流行程度和感染率有所下降，这可能归因于自2003年以来开展的年度大规模治疗运动。
我们报告了1951年至2011年兰戈地区泌尿和肠道血吸虫病的流行病学情况，分别通过对曼氏血吸虫和埃及血吸虫的显微镜检查来确定。对1951年至2011年的数据进行回顾性审查，以确定该地区多年来的感染率。我们进行了泊松回归分析，以观察2002年开始控制前后的流行病学趋势。此外，2007年进行了贝类学调查，以评估当地的传播潜力。
与早期记录相反，埃及血吸虫感染率较低，局限于少数假定疫源地，感染率从1951年的28.2%下降到2011年的2.48%。尽管这种下降可归因于控制措施，但早在1967年就已远低于1951年，远在控制干预措施开始之前，这表明环境变化可能使栖息地不太适合埃及血吸虫的传播。与历史记录相比，曼氏血吸虫感染率在2003年控制干预措施实施前立即上升，随后显著下降（p=<0.001），直至2007年。然而，2007年和2011年下降不显著（p = 0.656）。从未分离出释放埃及血吸虫尾蚴的蜗牛，但发现许多双脐螺属蜗牛释放牛血吸虫尾蚴。
这表明环境因素和大规模治疗相结合对兰戈地区的血吸虫传播产生了重大影响。
