Mirski Tomasz, Niemcewicz Marcin, Bartoszcze Michał, Gryko Romuald, Michalski Aleksander
Biological Threat Identification and Countermeasure Centre of the Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2017 Jun 7;25(2):205-210. doi: 10.26444/aaem/74471.
The emergence of resistance in microorganisms on a global scale has made it necessary to search for new antimicrobial factors. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) seem to meet these expectations. AMPs are produced by bacteria, viruses, plants, and animals, and may be considered as a new class of drugs intended for the prophylaxis and treatment of both systemic and topical infections. The aim of this study is to review the results of studies on the use of peptides to combat infections in vivo. Antimicrobial peptides may be applied topically and systemically. Among the peptides used topically, a very important area for their application is ophthalmology. AMPs in ophthalmology may be used mainly for the protection of contact lenses from ocular pathogens. Many AMPs are in clinical trials for application in the therapy of local infections. There may be mentioned such preparations as: pexiganan (magainin analogue), MX-226 (based on indolicidin), NEUPREX (isolated from human BPI (bactericidal/permeability-increasing) protein), IB-367 (variant of porcine protegrin), P113 (based on histatin), daptomycin, polymyxins, as well as peptidomimetics. In the combat against systemic infections are used such peptides as: P113D (modified P113 peptide containing D-amino acids), colistin, peptoids, and peptides containing non-typical amino acids or non-peptide elements. AMPs are also used as antiprotozoal, antifungal, antitoxic and immunostimulatory agents. The limitations in the use of peptides in the treatment of infections, such as susceptibility to proteolysis, and resistance of microorganisms to the peptides, are also discussed. AMPs are a promising strategy in the fight against microbial infections.
全球范围内微生物耐药性的出现使得寻找新的抗菌因子成为必要。抗菌肽似乎符合这些期望。抗菌肽由细菌、病毒、植物和动物产生，可被视为一类用于预防和治疗全身及局部感染的新型药物。本研究的目的是综述体内使用肽类对抗感染的研究结果。抗菌肽可局部和全身应用。在局部应用的肽类中，其应用的一个非常重要的领域是眼科。眼科中的抗菌肽主要可用于保护隐形眼镜免受眼部病原体感染。许多抗菌肽正在进行局部感染治疗应用的临床试验。可提及的制剂有：派昔加南（麦加宁类似物）、MX - 226（基于吲哚杀菌素）、NEUPREX（从人杀菌/通透性增加蛋白（BPI）中分离）、IB - 367（猪防御素变体）、P113（基于组蛋白）、达托霉素、多粘菌素以及肽模拟物。在对抗全身感染中使用的肽类有：P113D（含D - 氨基酸的修饰P113肽）、黏菌素、类肽以及含非典型氨基酸或非肽元素的肽。抗菌肽还用作抗原虫、抗真菌、抗毒素和免疫刺激剂。同时也讨论了肽类在感染治疗中使用的局限性，如对蛋白水解的敏感性以及微生物对肽的耐药性。抗菌肽是对抗微生物感染的一种有前景的策略。
