Małgorzewicz S, Wołoszyk P, Chamienia A, Jankowska M, Dębska-Ślizień A
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Department of General Nursing, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Transplant Proc. 2018 Jul-Aug;50(6):1786-1789. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.02.099. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
Kidney transplantation is currently the best approach for renal replacement therapy. Compared with dialysis, it provides a better quality of life and improves patient prognosis. However, some evidence suggests that body composition could play a role in the complications observed in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), and may influence survival. The purpose of this study was to assess the eating habits and body composition of KTRs.
Seventy KTRs were included in this study. Anthropometry and body composition were performed using electronic-scale, dynamometer, and bioimpedance analyses. Dietary habits were investigated using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ6). Biochemical parameters were also determined.
Overweight and obesity were found in 33.8% and 21.1% of KTRs, respectively. High body mass index (BMI, >25) correlated positively with high body fat (r = 0.8, P < .05) and waist circumference (r = 0.7, P < .05). The mean percentage of body fat was 30.8 ± 9.3% (range, 13%-52%), fat tissue index was 12.4 ± 4.9, and lean tissue index (LTI) was 13.2 ± 2.2. Sarcopenia was recognized based on decreased LTI and decreased handgrip strength in 33.3% of KTRs with excess body weight. Patients with excess body mass consumed significantly (P < .05) more sugar and fruits.
A significant percentage of KTRs present with sarcopenic obesity. Excess body weight is associated with many factors, such as immunosuppressive therapy, low physical activity, and abnormal diet. Results based on the FFQ6 indicate a relationship between carbohydrate intake and excess body weight among those in the study group.
肾移植是目前肾脏替代治疗的最佳方法。与透析相比，它能提供更好的生活质量并改善患者预后。然而，一些证据表明身体成分可能在肾移植受者（KTRs）出现的并发症中起作用，并可能影响生存率。本研究的目的是评估KTRs的饮食习惯和身体成分。
本研究纳入了70名KTRs。使用电子秤、测力计和生物电阻抗分析进行人体测量和身体成分分析。使用食物频率问卷（FFQ6）调查饮食习惯。还测定了生化参数。
分别有33.8%和21.1%的KTRs存在超重和肥胖。高体重指数（BMI，>25）与高体脂（r = 0.8，P <.05）和腰围（r = 0.7，P <.05）呈正相关。平均体脂百分比为30.8±9.3%（范围，13%-52%），脂肪组织指数为12.4±4.9，瘦组织指数（LTI）为13.2±2.2。在33.3%体重超标的KTRs中，根据LTI降低和握力下降诊断为肌肉减少症。体重超标的患者摄入的糖和水果明显更多（P <.05）。
相当比例的KTRs存在肌肉减少性肥胖。体重超标与多种因素有关，如免疫抑制治疗、低体力活动和异常饮食。基于FFQ6的结果表明，研究组中碳水化合物摄入量与体重超标之间存在关联。
