Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Cytokine. 2019 Jan;113:89-98. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.015. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
This study aims to explore a relationship between exposures of whole-cell Porphyromonas gingivalis in various doses with atopic inflammatory responses at experimental mice. A pretest-posttest controlled group design, with 16 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) randomized into four groups. Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 was given low-dose (9 × 10 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Group 3 was given medium-dose (9 × 10 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Group 4 was given high-dose (9 × 10 colony-forming unit) of P. gingivalis. Interleukin-4, Interleukin-5, Interleukin-17F, Interleukin-21, Immunoglobulin-E, Immunoglobulin-G, and γ-Interferon were measured by direct-sandwich ELISA just before the treatments began, day-4, and day-11 after treatments. There is a sudden increase of Interleukin-4 in the group 4 (23.79 ± 0.91 pg/ml to 54.17 ± 0.79 pg/ml; p = 0.01) and slight increase of Interleukin-5 in the group 4 (207.60 ± 11.15 pg/ml to 243.40 ± 9.33 pg/ml; p = 0.03). No change was observed for Interleukin-17F in all groups. Serum concentration of Immunoglobulin-E was decreased in group 2 (-10.44 ± 8.13 pg/ml), but increased in group 4 (+1.03 ± 4.57 pg/ml). Taken together, some cytokines are up-regulated and others are down-regulated after exposure to whole-cell P. gingivalis. Moreover, study of host responses during periodontal infection may offer critical key insight that contribute to the development of atopy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: We introduced and explained the potential role of periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in systemic immune responses, along with its virulence factor inside the oral cavity. Our results consider several changes and differences of cytokines and immunoglobulins following whole-cell Porphyromonas gingivalis exposure. However, results of the study need to be interpreted with caution due to its limitations. CAPSULE SUMMARY: Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 had been found increase after exposure to the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, whereas no or minimal change had been found in the level of IL-17F, Ig-G, and IFN-γ. The various cytokines and immunoglobulins shown in this study do not prove a causal relationship, and the precise role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the regulation of atopic immune response warrants further investigation. Nevertheless, these findings may provide some critical key insight into the host responses following Porphyromonas gingivalis infection.
本研究旨在探讨不同剂量全细胞牙龈卟啉单胞菌暴露与实验小鼠特应性炎症反应之间的关系。采用预试验-后试验对照设计，将 16 只 Wistar 大鼠（Rattus novergicus）随机分为四组。第 1 组为对照组。第 2 组给予低剂量（9×10 集落形成单位）牙龈卟啉单胞菌。第 3 组给予中剂量（9×10 集落形成单位）牙龈卟啉单胞菌。第 4 组给予高剂量（9×10 集落形成单位）牙龈卟啉单胞菌。在治疗前、第 4 天和第 11 天，通过直接夹心 ELISA 测定白细胞介素-4、白细胞介素-5、白细胞介素-17F、白细胞介素-21、免疫球蛋白-E、免疫球蛋白-G 和 γ-干扰素。第 4 组白细胞介素-4 突然增加（23.79±0.91 pg/ml 至 54.17±0.79 pg/ml；p=0.01），第 4 组白细胞介素-5 略有增加（207.60±11.15 pg/ml 至 243.40±9.33 pg/ml；p=0.03）。各组白细胞介素-17F 均无变化。第 2 组（-10.44±8.13 pg/ml）血清免疫球蛋白-E 浓度降低，但第 4 组（+1.03±4.57 pg/ml）升高。总之，全细胞牙龈卟啉单胞菌暴露后，一些细胞因子上调，另一些细胞因子下调。此外，对牙周感染期间宿主反应的研究可能提供关键的关键见解，有助于特应性的发展。临床意义：我们介绍并解释了牙周病原体牙龈卟啉单胞菌在全身免疫反应中的潜在作用及其在口腔内的毒力因子。我们的结果考虑了全细胞牙龈卟啉单胞菌暴露后细胞因子和免疫球蛋白的几种变化和差异。然而，由于其局限性，需要谨慎解释研究结果。小结：在接触牙周病原体牙龈卟啉单胞菌后，白细胞介素（IL）-4 和 IL-5 被发现增加，而 IL-17F、Ig-G 和 IFN-γ 的水平没有变化或变化很小。本研究中显示的各种细胞因子和免疫球蛋白并不能证明因果关系，牙龈卟啉单胞菌在特应性免疫反应调节中的精确作用需要进一步研究。然而，这些发现可能为牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染后宿主反应提供一些关键的关键见解。
