Moore Andy, Privitera Lucia, Ives Mark J, Uzyczak Jane, Beaumont William R C
Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Suffolk, UK.
Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Salmon & Trout Research Centre, The River Laboratory, Dorset, UK.
J Fish Biol. 2018 Sep;93(3):469-476. doi: 10.1111/jfb.13660.
The potential effects of a hydropower scheme on the migratory behaviour of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts was studied on the River Frome, southern England. The potential delay to migration at the intake of the hydropower scheme was assessed, together with the effects of passage through the turbine on the temporal and spatial migration of the fish in the river and estuary. The migratory behaviour of the emigrating S. salar smolts was monitored using miniature acoustic transmitters and an array of acoustic receivers positioned at the hydropower scheme and in the river and estuary. The majority of the smolts bypassed the hydropower scheme with only 8.1% of the fish moving downstream through the turbine. Movement was nocturnal and occurred during elevated river flows. There was no apparent delay at the turbine intake or at the adjacent weir. The subsequent migration of all smolts through the estuary of the River Frome occurred during both day and night and there was a distinct ebb-tide migration through the estuary and into the coastal zone. There was no difference in the rate of migration between smolts that moved through the turbine or over the weir. The detection of smolts during both the freshwater migration and the transition from the freshwater to the marine environments was high (91.8 and 73.3%, respectively). A laboratory investigation on the de-scaling of smolts indicated that removal of 1, 5 and 10% of scales had no significant effect on saltwater survival or the measured physiological parameters (gill Na -K -ATPase activity, plasma osmolality and chloride concentrations). Smolt passage through the turbine was assessed and resulted in either no damage to the integument or scale loss or between 20 and 80% of total body area of recaptured smolts. It is estimated that 1.53% of the smolt population would suffer significant damage after passage through the turbine. The implications of the hydropower scheme on the population of salmon in the River Frome are discussed.
在英格兰南部的弗罗姆河上，研究了一个水电项目对大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）幼鱼洄游行为的潜在影响。评估了水电项目进水口处洄游可能出现的延迟情况，以及幼鱼通过水轮机对其在河流和河口的时间和空间洄游的影响。使用微型声学发射器以及一系列位于水电项目处、河流和河口的声学接收器，监测洄游的大西洋鲑幼鱼的行为。大多数幼鱼绕过了水电项目，只有8.1%的鱼通过水轮机向下游游动。洄游活动在夜间进行，且发生在河流流量增加期间。在水轮机进水口或相邻堰坝处没有明显延迟。随后，所有幼鱼在白天和夜间都通过了弗罗姆河河口，并且有明显的落潮洄游，从河口进入沿海区域。通过水轮机或越过堰坝的幼鱼的洄游速度没有差异。在淡水洄游以及从淡水环境过渡到海洋环境期间，幼鱼的检测率很高（分别为91.8%和73.3%）。一项关于幼鱼鳞片脱落的实验室研究表明，去除1%、5%和10%的鳞片对海水生存或所测量的生理参数（鳃钠钾ATP酶活性、血浆渗透压和氯化物浓度）没有显著影响。评估了幼鱼通过水轮机的情况，结果显示，重新捕获的幼鱼的体表要么没有受损，也没有鳞片脱落，要么体表受损面积在全身面积的20%至80%之间。据估计，1.53%的幼鱼种群在通过水轮机后会受到严重损害。讨论了水电项目对弗罗姆河鲑鱼种群的影响。
