Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.
Immunol Rev. 2018 Jul;284(1):67-78. doi: 10.1111/imr.12663.
The vast majority of vaccines exploit antibody memory to induce lasting immunity. Memory B cells are generated during the initial response to infection, but persist long after the infection has cleared. Immune memory success relies on its adaptability: in response to different pathogens, variants of a single pathogen, and in balancing persistence with reactivation and plasma cell differentiation. This is likely achieved by producing a B cell memory population that is highly diverse, and recent work has highlighted the importance of memory B cell subsets in mediating the dichotomous roles of the population. This review will detail the characterization, function and both intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of different memory B cell subsets: memory B cell precursors within the germinal center, phenotypic, and functional heterogeneity of the memory B cell population, and memory B cell subsets that reside in tissues. In particular, understanding the genetic and epigenetic regulation of memory B diversity may be critical for gaining insight into B cell memory responses to pathogens that have evaded effective vaccine design. Therefore, there is a vital need to understand the mechanisms underlying the origin, function and translational potential of the heterogeneity within the memory B cell population.
绝大多数疫苗利用抗体记忆诱导持久免疫。记忆 B 细胞在感染的初始反应中产生，但在感染清除后仍长期存在。免疫记忆的成功依赖于其适应性：针对不同的病原体、同种病原体的变体，以及在维持持久性与再激活和浆细胞分化之间取得平衡。这可能是通过产生高度多样化的 B 细胞记忆群体来实现的，最近的研究强调了记忆 B 细胞亚群在介导群体的二分角色中的重要性。这篇综述将详细描述不同记忆 B 细胞亚群的特征、功能以及内在和外在调节：生发中心内的记忆 B 细胞前体、记忆 B 细胞群体的表型和功能异质性，以及存在于组织中的记忆 B 细胞亚群。特别是，了解记忆 B 多样性的遗传和表观遗传调控对于深入了解逃避有效疫苗设计的病原体的 B 细胞记忆反应可能至关重要。因此，迫切需要了解记忆 B 细胞群体内异质性的起源、功能和转化潜力的机制。
