Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Aug;25(24):24266-24280. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2492-2. Epub 2018 Jun 14.
Non-surfactant water-in-diesel emulsion fuel (NWD) is an alternative fuel that has the potential to reduce major exhaust emissions while simultaneously improving the combustion performance of a diesel engine. NWD comprises of diesel fuel and water (about 5% in volume) without any additional surfactants. This emulsion fuel is produced through an in-line mixing system that is installed very close to the diesel engine. This study focuses mainly on the performance and emission of diesel engine fuelled with NWD made from different water sources. The engine used in this study is a direct injection diesel engine with loads varying from 1 to 4 kW. The result shows that NWD made from tap water helps the engine to reduce nitrogen oxide (NO) by 32%. Rainwater reduced it by 29% and seawater by 19%. In addition, all NWDs show significant improvements in engine performance as compared to diesel fuel, especially in the specific fuel consumption that indicates an average reduction of 6%. It is observed that all NWDs show compelling positive effects on engine performance, which is caused by the optimum water droplet size inside NWD.
非表面活性剂水包柴油乳液燃料（NWD）是一种替代燃料，具有降低主要废气排放的潜力，同时改善柴油发动机的燃烧性能。NWD 由柴油和水（体积约为 5%）组成，不含任何额外的表面活性剂。这种乳液燃料是通过安装在非常靠近柴油发动机的在线混合系统生产的。本研究主要关注使用不同水源制成的 NWD 对柴油发动机的性能和排放的影响。本研究中使用的发动机是一种直喷式柴油发动机，负载从 1 千瓦到 4 千瓦不等。结果表明，来自自来水的 NWD 有助于发动机将氮氧化物（NO）减少 32%。雨水减少了 29%，海水减少了 19%。此外，与柴油相比，所有 NWD 都显著改善了发动机性能，特别是在比油耗方面，平均降低了 6%。观察到所有 NWD 对发动机性能都有令人信服的积极影响，这是由于 NWD 内部的最佳水滴尺寸所致。
