Vlaeminck-Guillem Virginie
Medical Unit of Molecular Oncology and Transfer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France.
Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, U1052 INSERM, CNRS 5286, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Léon Bérard Centre, Lyon, France.
Front Oncol. 2018 Jun 13;8:222. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00222. eCollection 2018.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, are now well recognized as major ways by which cancer cells interact with each other and stromal cells. The meaningful messages transmitted by the EVs are carried by all components of the EVs, i.e., the membrane lipids and the cargo (DNAs, RNAs, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, proteins). They are clearly part of the armed arsenal by which cancer cells obtain and share more and more advantages to grow and conquer new spaces. Identification of these messages offers a significant opportunity to better understand how a cancer occurs and then develops both locally and distantly. But it also provides a powerful means by which cancer progression can be detected and monitored. In the last few years, significant research efforts have been made to precisely identify how the EV trafficking is modified in cancer cells as compared to normal cells and how this trafficking is altered during cancer progression. Prostate cancer has not escaped this trend. The aim of this review is to describe the results obtained when assessing the meaningful content of prostate cancer- and stromal-derived EVs in terms of a better comprehension of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying prostate cancer occurrence and development. This review also deals with the use of EVs as powerful tools to diagnose non-indolent prostate cancer as early as possible and to accurately define, in a personalized approach, its present and potential aggressiveness, its response to treatment (androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, radiation, surgery), and the overall patients' prognosis.
细胞外囊泡（EVs），尤其是外泌体，现已被公认为癌细胞相互之间以及与基质细胞相互作用的主要方式。EVs传递的有意义信息由其所有成分携带，即膜脂和货物（DNA、RNA、微小RNA、长链非编码RNA、蛋白质）。它们显然是癌细胞获取并分享越来越多生长和占领新空间优势的武装武器库的一部分。识别这些信息为更好地理解癌症如何发生以及随后在局部和远处发展提供了重要契机。但它也提供了一种检测和监测癌症进展的有力手段。在过去几年中，人们进行了大量研究工作，以精确确定与正常细胞相比，癌细胞中EV运输是如何改变的，以及在癌症进展过程中这种运输是如何变化的。前列腺癌也未能逃脱这一趋势。本综述的目的是描述在评估前列腺癌和基质来源的EVs的有意义内容时所获得的结果，以便更好地理解前列腺癌发生和发展的细胞和分子机制。本综述还涉及将EVs用作强大工具，尽早诊断非惰性前列腺癌，并以个性化方法准确界定其当前和潜在的侵袭性、对治疗（雄激素剥夺、化疗、放疗、手术）的反应以及患者的总体预后。
