Tufatulin G Sh, Boboshko M Yu, Artyushkin S A
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 191015.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 191015; Laboratory of Hearing and Speech, Academician I.P Pavlov, First Saint-Petersburg, State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 197022.
Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2018;83(3):20-24. doi: 10.17116/otorino201883320.
The relevance of the problem of a sensorineural hearing loss (ASNL) arises from the necessity of the special approaches to the diagnostics of this condition, the complications accompanying this pathology, and the difficulties encountered in the implementation of the methods designed for hearing rehabilitation of such patients. The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of ASHL among the adult population. The sensorineural impairment of hearing was diagnosed in a total of 2456 (72%) examined patients presenting with hearing loss. To determine the presence of asymmetry of sensorineural hearing loss, we employed three counting techniques allowing (1) to calculate the difference between the average hearing thresholds at four frequencies within the range from 0.5 to 4 kHz (the difference was found to be 15 dB or more in 17% of the patients), (2) to calculate the difference between the degrees of hearing loss in the right and left ears (the difference was documented in 47% of the patients), (3) to calculate the difference between the hearing thresholds at least at a single frequency within the range from 0.125 to 8 kHz (he difference was found to be 15 dB or more in 71% of the patients). When using the third method to characterize asymmetry of hearing impairment, it was identified in most patients (53%) at one or two frequencies. Moreover, there was a large number of the patients (13%) with asymmetry apparent over the entire frequency range. A high degree of threshold asymmetry (in excess of 40 dB) was more often noted in the mid-frequency range. In the majority of the patients, the asymmetry manifested itself as the different degree of bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment (51%) or unilateral sensorineural hearing loss with the normal hearing ability preserved in the contralateral ear (35%). The results of the present study give evidence of the necessity of developing a reliable method for the identification of clinically significant ACNL.
感音神经性听力损失（ASNL）问题的相关性源于对该病症进行诊断时采取特殊方法的必要性、伴随此病理状况的并发症以及在实施针对此类患者听力康复的方法时所遇到的困难。本研究的目的是评估成年人群中ASHL的患病率。在总共2456名（72%）有听力损失的受检患者中诊断出感音神经性听力损害。为确定感音神经性听力损失的不对称性，我们采用了三种计数技术，可（1）计算0.5至4 kHz范围内四个频率的平均听力阈值之间的差异（17%的患者差异为15 dB或更大），（2）计算右耳和左耳听力损失程度之间的差异（47%的患者有记录），（3）计算至少在0.125至8 kHz范围内单个频率的听力阈值之间的差异（71%的患者差异为15 dB或更大）。当使用第三种方法来表征听力损害的不对称性时，大多数患者（53%）在一个或两个频率上被识别出。此外，有大量患者（13%）在整个频率范围内都存在明显的不对称性。高频范围内更常出现高度阈值不对称（超过40 dB）。在大多数患者中，不对称表现为双侧感音神经性听力损害程度不同（51%）或单侧感音神经性听力损失且对侧耳听力正常（35%）。本研究结果证明有必要开发一种可靠的方法来识别具有临床意义的ACNL。
