Philchenkov Alex
Department of Oncohematology, R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Crit Rev Oncog. 2018;23(1-2):13-37. doi: 10.1615/CritRevOncog.2018026148.
Currently, more than half of newly diagnosed cancer patients receive radiation treatment. However, the radioresistance of tumor cells as well as the early and late side effects limit the beneficial outcome of radiotherapy. Accordingly, the innovative approaches to maximize tumor killing and/or minimize radiation toxicity remain a major focus of interest. In the past decade, several pieces of evidence have shown the importance of different modes of regulated cell death (RCD) in the radioresponse of malignant and normal tissues. Furthermore, the biological modulation of radiation-induced RCDs has come to attention as a novel therapeutic means. Here, we review the major signaling pathways that orchestrate all types of RCD initiated by exposure to ionizing radiation. The latest advances in the development of small-molecule RCD modulators (both natural and synthetic) that are intended for widening the therapeutic window of radiotherapy are also discussed.
目前，超过半数新确诊的癌症患者接受放射治疗。然而，肿瘤细胞的放射抗性以及早期和晚期副作用限制了放射治疗的有益效果。因此，最大化肿瘤杀伤和/或最小化放射毒性的创新方法仍然是主要的关注焦点。在过去十年中，多项证据表明不同模式的程序性细胞死亡（RCD）在恶性和正常组织的放射反应中的重要性。此外，对辐射诱导的RCD进行生物学调节作为一种新型治疗手段已受到关注。在此，我们综述了由暴露于电离辐射引发的所有类型RCD的主要信号通路。还讨论了旨在扩大放射治疗治疗窗口的小分子RCD调节剂（天然和合成）开发的最新进展。
