Douglas K, Arenberg D
Gerontology Research Center, NIA, Baltimore City Hospitals 21224.
J Gerontol. 1978 Sep;33(5):737-47. doi: 10.1093/geronj/33.5.737.
The relation between adult age and temperament was investigated using the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey. Between the years 1958 and 1974, the GZTS was administered to 915 men from 17 to 98 years of age in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study. Repeated measures were obtained for 336 men approximately 7 years after initial testing. Each GZTS scale was analyzed cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Sequential analyses of independent samples were also carried out in an attempt to separate the effects of maturation from those of generational and cultural change. Results showed that Masculinity declined at all ages, but General Activity declined only after age 50. Thoughtfulness and Personal Relations showed cultural declines during the time period studied, whereas Friendliness showed a long-term cultural decline. Later-born cohorts were lower in Restraint and higher in Ascendance than early-born cohorts.
使用吉尔福德-齐默尔曼气质调查问卷对成年人年龄与气质之间的关系进行了研究。在1958年至1974年期间，对巴尔的摩纵向研究中年龄在17岁至98岁之间的915名男性进行了吉尔福德-齐默尔曼气质调查问卷测试。在初次测试大约7年后，对336名男性进行了重复测量。对吉尔福德-齐默尔曼气质调查问卷的每个量表进行了横断面和纵向分析。还对独立样本进行了序列分析，试图将成熟的影响与代际和文化变化的影响区分开来。结果表明，男子气概在所有年龄段都有所下降，但总体活动水平仅在50岁以后下降。在研究期间，深思熟虑和人际关系方面呈现出文化层面的下降，而友善则呈现出长期的文化层面下降。晚出生的队列在克制方面得分低于早出生的队列，在支配方面得分高于早出生的队列。
