Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2018 Oct;45(Pt A):127-135. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.06.003. Epub 2018 Jun 27.
Protein polarization underlies directional cell growth, cell morphogenesis, cell division, fate specification and differentiation in plant development. Analysis of in vivo protein dynamics reveals differential mobility of polarized proteins in plant cells, which may arise from lateral diffusion, local protein-protein interactions, and is restricted by protein-membrane-cell wall connections. The asymmetric protein dynamics may provide a mechanism for the regulation of asymmetric cell division and cell differentiation. In light of recent evidence for preprophase band (PPB)-independent mechanisms for orienting division planes, polarity proteins and their dynamics might provide regulation on the PPB at the cell cortex to directly influence phragmoplast positioning or alternatively, impinge on cytoplasmic microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) for spindle alignment. Differentiation of specialized cell types is often associated with the spatial regulation of cell wall architecture. Here we discuss the mechanisms of polarized signaling underlying regional cell wall biosynthesis, degradation, and modification during the differentiation of root endodermal cells and leaf epidermal guard cells.
蛋白质极化是植物发育过程中细胞定向生长、细胞形态发生、细胞分裂、命运特化和分化的基础。对体内蛋白质动态的分析揭示了极化蛋白质在植物细胞中的不同迁移能力，这可能源于侧向扩散、局部蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用，并受到蛋白质-膜-细胞壁连接的限制。不对称的蛋白质动力学可能为不对称细胞分裂和细胞分化的调控提供了一种机制。鉴于最近有证据表明，有丝分裂前期带（PPB）独立的机制可以定向分裂平面，极性蛋白及其动力学可能会在细胞皮层对 PPB 进行调控，直接影响成膜体的定位，或者替代地，影响细胞质微管组织中心（MTOC）来对准纺锤体。特化细胞类型的分化通常与细胞壁结构的空间调控有关。在这里，我们讨论了在根内皮层细胞和叶表皮保卫细胞的分化过程中，区域细胞壁生物合成、降解和修饰的极化信号的机制。
