“反向准则”：烟草尚无严重危害之时。回顾职业医学中关于烟草影响的最初争论。
The "Canone Inverso": when tobacco was not so bad. A Look Back at the Primordial Debate on the tobacco effects in the Occupational Medicine.
作者信息
Marinozzi Silvia, Iorio Silvia, Licata Marta, Gulino Matteo
机构信息
Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of History of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 34/a Viale dell'Università, Rome, IT.
Centre of Research in Osteoarchaeology and Paleopathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
出版信息
Acta Biomed. 2018 Jun 15;89(2):173-179. doi: 10.23750/abm.v89i2.6526.
AIM
The article provides an overview on the beginning and evolutions of medical observations on tobacco induced diseases between Eighteenth and Nineteenth century.
METHODS
By searching for historical medical literature, first studies on tobacco-induced diseases focused on production risks rather than on adverse effects that the use of tobacco has for the human health.
RESULTS
The approach induced first eighteenth-century authors to define this substance as a non-pathogenic and, consequently, not to consider tobacco factories dangerous for health workers. In those years, tobacco was employed in therapy as a stimulant treatment and it was considered harmless and even healthy and preventive of several acute diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
Authors will show that studies on pathogenic effects of smoking will only start around late nineteenth century, when the idea of the healthiness of tobacco industry was already supported.
目的
本文概述了18世纪至19世纪期间对烟草所致疾病的医学观察的开端与演变。
方法
通过检索历史医学文献发现，对烟草所致疾病的最初研究聚焦于生产风险，而非烟草使用对人类健康的不良影响。
结果
这种研究方法致使18世纪早期的作者将该物质定义为无致病性的，因此，他们认为烟草工厂对健康工人并无危害。在那些年里，烟草被用作一种刺激性治疗手段，被认为是无害的，甚至有益健康且能预防多种急性疾病。
结论
作者将表明，对吸烟致病作用的研究直到19世纪后期才开始，而那时烟草行业有益健康的观念已然存在。
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