Martin Sherry Joseph, Sabina Evan Prince
School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University , Vellore , India.
J Diet Suppl. 2019;16(5):602-610. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1472165. Epub 2018 Jun 29.
Tuberculosis (TB) has become the most important infectious disease to see resurgence worldwide. In 2014, there were 9.6 million documented cases worldwide with a mortality of almost 1.5 million (Global Tuberculosis Report 2014). One of the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations was the reversal of the TB epidemic, which has been achieved worldwide with an 18% lower incidence of TB globally compared to the incidence in the year 2000. Though efficient intervention has brought down the relative incidence and mortality of TB globally, the fact remains that one third of the world population has latent TB infection, and 10% of people with latent TB infection develop active TB at some point in their life (The Facts about Tuberculosis 1995). Risk factors that prompt the reactivation of latent TB into active TB are a compromised immune system, HIV, malnutrition, and use of tobacco. In developing and underdeveloped economies, malnutrition and undernutrition play a major role in subverting the immune system and reactivating the latent TB infection. Undernutrition is one of the major factors in India and Southeast Asia leading to an increase in TB infections. Once tuberculosis sets in, it leads to an increase in metabolism and a decrease in appetite that compounds the already present malnutrition. Drawing on previous studies, we have aimed at understanding the relationship between malnutrition and TB infection and making minimal recommendations for corrective action.
结核病已成为全球范围内再度流行的最重要传染病。2014年，全球有960万例确诊病例，近150万人死亡（《2014年全球结核病报告》）。联合国设定的千年发展目标之一是扭转结核病流行趋势，这一目标已在全球范围内实现，与2000年相比，全球结核病发病率降低了18%。尽管有效的干预措施降低了全球结核病的相对发病率和死亡率，但事实仍然是，世界三分之一的人口患有潜伏性结核感染，10%的潜伏性结核感染者在其生命中的某个时刻会发展为活动性结核病（《结核病事实》，1995年）。促使潜伏性结核重新激活为活动性结核的危险因素包括免疫系统受损、感染艾滋病毒、营养不良和吸烟。在发展中经济体和欠发达经济体中，营养不良和营养不足在破坏免疫系统和重新激活潜伏性结核感染方面起主要作用。营养不良是印度和东南亚导致结核感染增加的主要因素之一。一旦患上结核病，就会导致新陈代谢加快和食欲下降，这会使原本就存在的营养不良状况更加严重。借鉴以往的研究，我们旨在了解营养不良与结核感染之间的关系，并提出最少的纠正行动建议。
