[Elements of the genome regulating structural gene transcription in eukaryotes].

A constant fine regulation of gene expression is needed for the normal development to proceed and for the physiological homeostasis to be maintained. In many cases such a regulation in eukaryotes is realized at the level of transcription, involving various cis- and trans-regulatory genomic elements. The review provides the data on the structure of elements determining the level of gene transcription in response to the action of various environmental factors and effectors, responsible for coordinated expression of the genes which provide for tissue-specific transcription and self-regulation of gene transcription. The data were considered on regulation of gene activity by mobile genetic elements and a relationship between the mechanisms of regulation of gene expression and evolution has been formulated.