Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2018 Dec;53:28-35. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.06.009. Epub 2018 Jun 28.
Humans display remarkable immune response variation when exposed to identical immune challenges. However, our understanding of the genetic, evolutionary, and environmental factors that impact this inter-individual and inter-population immune response heterogeneity is still in its early days. In this review, we discuss three fundamental questions concerning the recent evolution of the human immune system: the degree to which individuals from different populations vary in their innate immune responses, the genetic variants accounting for such differences, and the evolutionary mechanisms that led to the establishment of these variants in modern human populations. We also discuss how past selective events might have contributed to the uneven distribution of immune-related disorders across populations.
当人类暴露于相同的免疫挑战时，会表现出显著的免疫反应变异性。然而，我们对于影响这种个体间和群体间免疫反应异质性的遗传、进化和环境因素的理解还处于起步阶段。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了有关人类免疫系统近期进化的三个基本问题：不同人群的个体在先天免疫反应方面的差异程度、导致这些差异的遗传变异，以及导致这些变异在现代人类群体中确立的进化机制。我们还讨论了过去的选择事件如何导致免疫相关疾病在人群中的分布不均。
