Huang Cheng, Hu Qing-Yao, Lu Jun
Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Complex, Shanghai 200233, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2018 Jul 8;39(7):3110-3117. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201712218.
Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) emission factors from 27 State 3-5 light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) were tested in this study using a CVS (Constant Volume Sampling) system on a dynamometer. The influences of start conditions, driving cycles, and fuel injection technologies on the OC and EC emissions were analyzed. The results show that the OC emission factors of the tested State 3 to 5 LDGVs were (2.09±1.03), (1.59±0.78), and (0.75±0.31) mg·km, respectively, and the EC emission factors were (1.98±1.42), (1.57±1.80), and (0.65±0.49) mg·km. Both OC and EC emissions significantly decreased with the promotion of emission standards. The OC/EC ratios were 1.54±0.92, 1.53±0.91, and 1.47±0.66, respectively. OC1, OC2, EC1, and EC2 were the most important carbonaceous components from LDGVs, accounting for 15%, 20.6%, 22.2%, and 21.7%, respectively. OC and EC emission factors under cold-start conditions were 1.4 and 1.8 times those under hot-start conditions. OC and EC emission factors for highway cycles were 2 and 4 times those for urban cycles. OC emission factors from GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) engines were close to those from PFI (Port Fuel Injection) engines. However, their EC emission factors were 1.7 times those from PFI engines. With the increasing popularity of GDI engines in LDGV fleets in China, the EC emissions from these engines should be paid more attention in the future.
本研究使用底盘测功机上的定容取样（CVS）系统，对27辆国三至国五轻型汽油车（LDGV）的有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）排放因子进行了测试。分析了启动条件、驾驶循环和燃油喷射技术对OC和EC排放的影响。结果表明，受试国三至国五LDGV的OC排放因子分别为（2.09±1.03）、（1.59±0.78）和（0.75±0.31）mg·km，EC排放因子分别为（1.98±1.42）、（1.57±1.80）和（0.65±0.49）mg·km。随着排放标准的提升，OC和EC排放均显著降低。OC/EC比值分别为1.54±0.92、1.53±0.91和1.47±0.66。OC1、OC2、EC1和EC2是LDGV最重要的含碳组分，分别占15%、20.6%、22.2%和21.7%。冷启动条件下的OC和EC排放因子分别是热启动条件下的1.4倍和1.8倍。高速公路循环下的OC和EC排放因子分别是城市循环下的2倍和4倍。汽油直喷（GDI）发动机的OC排放因子与进气道燃油喷射（PFI）发动机相近。然而，其EC排放因子是PFI发动机的1.7倍。随着GDI发动机在中国LDGV车队中日益普及，未来应更加关注这些发动机的EC排放。
