Sharma Nidhi, Chakrabarti Sudakshina
Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
J Midlife Health. 2018 Apr-Jun;9(2):55-64. doi: 10.4103/jmh.JMH_122_17.
Pelvic organ prolapse is the downward descent of the pelvic floor organs and has a prevalence of 3%-6% and can even reach to 50% if defined by a vaginal examination. The anatomical concepts of pelvic diaphragm, lateral attachment of vagina to arcus tendineus fascia pelvis, and intrinsic and extrinsic sphincter control mechanisms are elaborated. The anatomic and physiological mechanisms of autonomic and voluntary control of continence are discussed. The clinical and urodynamic tests and their implications in guiding the management are explained. Finally, uroflowmetry, cystometry, urethral pressure profile, postvoid urine measurement, leak point pressure (LPP) test, video urodynamic tests, and electromyography studies of pelvic floor are discussed as an integral part of the assessment.
盆腔器官脱垂是盆底器官的向下移位，患病率为3% - 6%，如果通过阴道检查定义，患病率甚至可达50%。文中阐述了盆底隔膜、阴道外侧附着于盆筋膜腱弓以及内在和外在括约肌控制机制的解剖学概念。讨论了自主和随意控制排尿的解剖学和生理学机制。解释了临床和尿动力学检查及其在指导治疗中的意义。最后，讨论了尿流率测定、膀胱测压、尿道压力描记、排尿后残余尿量测量、漏点压力（LPP）测试、影像尿动力学检查以及盆底肌电图研究，这些都是评估的重要组成部分。
