Xue Yi-Feng, Zhou Zhen, Huang Yu-Hu, Wang Kun, Nie Teng, Nie Lei, Qin Jian-Ping
National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing 100054, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2017 Jun 8;38(6):2231-2237. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201612071.
Particulate matter (PM) is the primary air pollutant in Beijing, and its emission control is an important direction of air pollution prevention and control. Construction dust plays a significant role in the source of airborne particulate matter in Beijing. Due to population growth and economic development, the demand for residential and office space has been increasing which results in a high construction area in Beijing and dust pollution caused by construction activities. However, there are few studies focusing on fugitive dust emissions from construction sites and their contribution to air pollution in Beijing. Under this background, this paper established an estimation model of dust emission from construction sites, and used the localized emission factor to calculate the dust emission from 2000 to 2015 in Beijing, identified the emission characteristics and laws of construction dust emission and quantified the uncertainty range of the emissions. The WRF/CMAQ model system was used to simulate the contribution of dust pollution to quantify its influence on air quality. The results showed that the dust emission from construction sites in Beijing has been increasing, but the construction area is falling in recent years. However, the emission of PM is still high and needs to be paid enough attention. In the spatial distribution, the dust emissions in summer and autumn are larger than those in other seasons. As for spatial distribution, the construction dust is mainly concentrated in the urban function extension area and suburban area, which is related to the extension of population activities and the gradual development of urbanization. The contribution of construction dust to PM and PM concentration in the ambient air can reach 31.3 μg·m and 9.6 μg·m, respectively. Through scenarios analysis, for further reduction of the emission from construction sites in 2030, more stricter standard for green construction and powerful supervision are needed.
颗粒物（PM）是北京的主要空气污染物，其排放控制是空气污染防治的重要方向。建筑扬尘在北京空气中颗粒物来源中起着重要作用。由于人口增长和经济发展，对住宅和办公空间的需求不断增加，导致北京的建筑面积较大，且建筑活动造成扬尘污染。然而，很少有研究关注北京建筑工地的扬尘排放及其对空气污染的贡献。在此背景下，本文建立了建筑工地扬尘排放估算模型，利用本地化排放因子计算了北京2000年至2015年的扬尘排放量，确定了建筑扬尘排放特征和规律，并量化了排放的不确定性范围。利用WRF/CMAQ模型系统模拟扬尘污染贡献以量化其对空气质量的影响。结果表明，北京建筑工地的扬尘排放量一直在增加，但近年来建筑面积在下降。然而，PM排放量仍然很高，需要给予足够重视。在空间分布上，夏季和秋季的扬尘排放量大于其他季节。在空间分布方面，建筑扬尘主要集中在城市功能拓展区和郊区，这与人口活动的扩展和城市化的逐步发展有关。建筑扬尘对环境空气中PM和PM浓度的贡献分别可达31.3μg·m和9.6μg·m。通过情景分析，为在2030年进一步减少建筑工地的排放，需要更严格的绿色建筑标准和有力的监管。
