Qi Le, Gao Ming, Zhou Peng, Wang Fu-Hua, Gao Yong-Qin, Chen Shi-Qi, Wu Si-Qi, Deng Jing-Lin, Wen Ting
College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2018 Jun 8;39(6):2827-2836. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201711029.
China is the leading country for production of edible mushrooms and also outputs numerous mushroom residues. The recycling of mushroom residue can solve environmental pollution problems, provide nutrients for the farmland, and play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing soil carbon sequestration capacity. In order to investigate the effects of mushroom residue amounts on net greenhouse gas emissions in purple paddy soil, potted experiments using static opaque chamber and gas chromatography methods were used to study the changes of greenhouse gases, soil carbon sequestration, and net greenhouse gas emissions (NGHGE) in the paddy soil with five treatments: no fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilization (NPK), 9 t·hm mushroom residue+NPK (LM), 18 t·hm mushroom residue+NPK (MM), and 36 t·hm mushroom residue+NPK (HM) from March 2017 to September 2017.The results showed that: ① The greenhouse gas emissions (including CH, CO, and NO) increased with increasing additions of mushroom residue. The emissions of CH from highest to lowest followed: HM > MM > LM≈NPK > CK. The HM treatment significantly increased the CH emission flux (<0.01) more than the other treatments and showed an obvious single peak curve, while the CH emission flux with the LM treatment showed a bimodal curve, and the MM treatment showed a multiple peak curve. The CO emission flux followed: MM > NPK≈LM > HM > CK; and the curves for the LM, MM, and HM treatments were a single peak curve, bimodal curve, and multiple peak curve, respectively. The NO cumulative emission from the NPK treatment was significantly higher than with the other treatments. The NO emission flux of the NPK treatment was a bimodal curve and that of the HM treatment was a single peak curve, while the NO emission flux of treatments LM and MM showed multiple peak curves. ② The carbon sequestration capacity with the LM treatment was lower than that of the other treatments and that from the MM treatment was the highest. The carbon sequestration capacity of the MM treatment increased by 59.2% compared to that of the NPK treatment and increased by 87.79% and 65.65% compared to that of the LM and HM treatments. The LM treatment has the highest carbon sequestration capacity, which was higher than that of the NPK and MM treatments and about 2.1 times greater than the CK treatment and HM treatment. ③ The minimum NGHGE value was -490.29 kg·hm for the whole rice production period, and 18 t·hm mushroom residue applied to the soil was the best way to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions in purple paddy soil.
中国是食用蘑菇的主要生产国，同时也产出大量的蘑菇渣。蘑菇渣的循环利用可以解决环境污染问题，为农田提供养分，并在减少温室气体排放和提高土壤碳固存能力方面发挥重要作用。为了研究蘑菇渣施用量对紫色稻田土壤净温室气体排放的影响，于2017年3月至2017年9月采用静态不透明箱和气相色谱法进行盆栽试验，研究了5种处理（不施肥（CK）、常规施肥（NPK）、9 t·hm蘑菇渣+NPK（LM）、18 t·hm蘑菇渣+NPK（MM）、36 t·hm蘑菇渣+NPK（HM））下稻田土壤温室气体变化、土壤碳固存及净温室气体排放（NGHGE）情况。结果表明：①温室气体排放（包括CH、CO和NO）随蘑菇渣施用量的增加而增加。CH排放从高到低依次为：HM＞MM＞LM≈NPK＞CK。HM处理的CH排放通量显著高于其他处理（P＜0.01），呈明显单峰曲线，而LM处理的CH排放通量呈双峰曲线，MM处理呈多峰曲线。CO排放通量依次为：MM＞NPK≈LM＞HM＞CK；LM、MM和HM处理的曲线分别为单峰曲线、双峰曲线和多峰曲线。NPK处理的NO累积排放量显著高于其他处理。NPK处理的NO排放通量为双峰曲线，HM处理为单峰曲线，而LM和MM处理的NO排放通量呈多峰曲线。②LM处理的碳固存能力低于其他处理，MM处理的碳固存能力最高。MM处理的碳固存能力比NPK处理提高了59.2%，比LM和HM处理分别提高了87.79%和65.65%。LM处理的碳固存能力最高，高于NPK和MM处理，约为CK处理和HM处理的2.1倍。③整个水稻生育期的最小NGHGE值为-490.29 kg·hm，向土壤施用18 t·hm蘑菇渣是减少紫色稻田土壤净温室气体排放的最佳方式。
