1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8551 (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.]).
2 Department of Culinary Arts and Food Science, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
J Food Prot. 2018 Jul;81(7):1193-1213. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-17-395.
Salmonella contamination associated with market fresh tomatoes has been problematic for the industry and consumers. A number of outbreaks have occurred, and dollar losses for the industry, including indirect collateral impact to agriculturally connected communities, have run into the hundreds of millions of dollars. This review covers these issues and an array of problems and potential solutions surrounding Salmonella contamination in tomatoes. Some other areas discussed include (i) the use of case-control studies and DNA fingerprinting to identify sources of contamination, (ii) the predilection for contamination based on Salmonella serovar and tomato cultivar, (iii) internalization, survival, and growth of Salmonella in or on tomatoes and the tomato plant, in biofilms, and in niches ancillary to tomato production and processing, (iv) the prevalence of Salmonella in tomatoes, especially in endogenous regions, and potential sources of contamination, and (v) effective and experimental means of decontaminating Salmonella from the surface and stem scar regions of the tomato. Future research should be directed in many of the areas discussed in this review, including determining and eliminating sources of contamination and targeting regions of the country where Salmonella is endemic and contamination is most likely to occur. Agriculturalists, horticulturalists, microbiologists, and epidemiologists may make the largest impact by working together to solve other unanswered questions regarding tomatoes and Salmonella contamination.
与市场上新鲜番茄有关的沙门氏菌污染一直是该行业和消费者的问题。已经发生了多起暴发事件，该行业的损失达数亿美元，包括对与农业相关的社区的间接间接影响。本综述涵盖了这些问题以及围绕番茄中沙门氏菌污染的一系列问题和潜在解决方案。其他一些讨论的领域包括：（i）使用病例对照研究和 DNA 指纹分析来确定污染来源；（ii）根据沙门氏菌血清型和番茄品种确定污染倾向；（iii）沙门氏菌在番茄内部或表面、番茄植株、生物膜和番茄生产及加工辅助生态位中的内化、存活和生长；（iv）番茄中沙门氏菌的流行情况，特别是在内在区域和可能的污染来源；（v）从番茄的表面和茎疤区域有效和实验性地去除沙门氏菌的方法。未来的研究应该针对本综述中讨论的许多领域，包括确定和消除污染来源，以及针对沙门氏菌流行和污染最有可能发生的国家地区。农业学家、园艺学家、微生物学家和流行病学家通过共同努力解决有关番茄和沙门氏菌污染的其他未解答的问题，可能会产生最大的影响。
