Autologous transplantation improves survival rates for follicular lymphoma patients who relapse within two years of chemoimmunotherapy: a multi-center retrospective analysis of consecutively treated patients in the real world.

Although chemoimmunotherapy improves outcomes for patients with follicular lymphoma (FL), approximately 20% of patients experience early disease progression within two years of treatment and subsequently poor median survival. We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate survival rates of patients with early relapse who were treated with or without autologous transplantation. Of 517 patients with FL and who received chemoimmunotherapy, 152 relapsed and survived a minimum of four months after progression, including 84 (55.3%) with early relapse ≤2 years following initial therapy and 68 (44.7%) with later relapse. Five-year survival was superior for patients who received autologous transplantation compared to non-transplanted patients within the early relapse group (85.4% vs 57.9%, p = .001), but not within the late relapse group (p = .64). Given the limitations of a retrospective study, our study may suggest that the use of autologous transplantation for FL patients who relapse within two years of initial chemoimmunotherapy is associated with improved survival.