Recent Molecular Genetic Explorations of MicroRNAs.

MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in essentially all aspects of biology. More than 140 genes that encode microRNAs in regulate development, behavior, metabolism, and responses to physiological and environmental changes. Genetic analysis of microRNA genes continues to enhance our fundamental understanding of how microRNAs are integrated into broader gene regulatory networks to control diverse biological processes, including growth, cell division, cell fate determination, behavior, longevity, and stress responses. As many of these microRNA sequences and the related processing machinery are conserved over nearly a billion years of animal phylogeny, the assignment of their functions via worm genetics may inform the functions of their orthologs in other animals, including humans. investigations are especially important for microRNAs because extrapolation of their functions using mRNA target prediction programs can easily assign microRNAs to incorrect genetic pathways. At this mezzanine level of microRNA bioinformatic sophistication, genetic analysis continues to be the gold standard for pathway assignments.