Wang Shence, Liu Deshun, Cai Zhihua
School of Electromechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
Appl Bionics Biomech. 2018 Jun 3;2018:8373479. doi: 10.1155/2018/8373479. eCollection 2018.
The human head will inevitably impact on the panel causing injury due to the inertia during dump truck collisions or emergency braking. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the effects of panel design parameters on occupant head injuries via simulations using finite element (FE) models of a human head and a dump truck cockpit. Special focus was applied to understand how panel type (soft and hard), elastic modulus of the filling and frame, and the fixing distance for the soft panel could affect head injuries in head-to-panel impacts under different impact conditions (impact speed and location). Simulation results show that a soft panel is beneficial for head protection in impacts with the truck instrument panel, and a soft panel using a lower filling elastic modulus, lower frame elastic modulus, and longer fixing distance is helpful for head injury prevention. The findings also indicate that the head peak acceleration and maximum skull stress are more sensitive to the fixing distance and elastic modulus of frame than elastic modulus of the filling of the panel. Moreover, these trends are not affected by changing the impact speed and impact location. The findings of this study suggest that a safer panel design for head injury prevention should firstly have a long fixing distance and then followed by using softer filling and frame materials.
在自卸卡车碰撞或紧急制动过程中，由于惯性，人体头部不可避免地会撞击到驾驶舱面板而造成伤害。因此，本文旨在通过使用人体头部和自卸卡车驾驶舱的有限元（FE）模型进行模拟，分析面板设计参数对乘员头部伤害的影响。特别关注的是了解面板类型（软质和硬质）、填充物和框架的弹性模量以及软质面板的固定距离如何在不同撞击条件（撞击速度和位置）下影响头部与面板撞击时的头部伤害。模拟结果表明，软质面板有利于在与卡车仪表板撞击时保护头部，使用较低填充物弹性模量、较低框架弹性模量和较长固定距离的软质面板有助于预防头部伤害。研究结果还表明，头部峰值加速度和最大颅骨应力对框架的固定距离和弹性模量比对面板填充物的弹性模量更为敏感。此外，这些趋势不受撞击速度和撞击位置变化的影响。本研究结果表明，一种更安全的预防头部伤害的面板设计首先应具有较长的固定距离，然后使用较软的填充物和框架材料。
