Moreno Jiménez Eduardo, Aceña-Heras Sara, Frišták Vladimír, Heinze Stefanie, Marschner Bernd
Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Chemistry, University of Trnava, Trnava, Slovak Republic.
PeerJ. 2018 Jun 27;6:e5074. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5074. eCollection 2018.
The contamination of soils and waters with organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), affect a large number of sites worldwide that need remediation. In this context soils amendments can be used to immobilise PAHs while maintaining soil functioning, with biochar being a promising amendment. In this experiment, phenantrene (Phe) was used as a frequent PAH contaminating soils and we studied the effect of three biochars at 1% applications to three different substrates, two agricultural topsoils and pure sand. We evaluated the changes in soil properties, sorption-desorption of Phe, and mineralisation of Phe in all treatments. Phe in pure sand was effectively sorbed to olive pruning (OBC) and rice husk (RBC) biochars, but pine biochar (PBC) was not as effective. In the soils, OBC and RBC only increased sorption of Phe in the silty soil. Desorption was affected by biochar application, RBC and OBC decreased water soluble Phe independently of the soil, which may be useful in preventing leaching of Phe into natural waters. Contrastingly, OBC and RBC slightly decreased the mineralisation of Phe in the soils, thus indicating lower bioavailability of the contaminant. Overall, biochar effects in the two tested soils were low, most likely due to the rather high soil organic C (SOC) contents of 2.2 and 2.8% with Koc values in the same range as those of the biochars. However, OBC and RBC additions can substantially increase adsorption of Phe in soils poor in SOC.
土壤和水体被多环芳烃（PAHs）等有机污染物污染，影响着全球大量需要修复的场地。在这种情况下，土壤改良剂可用于固定多环芳烃，同时维持土壤功能，生物炭是一种很有前景的改良剂。在本实验中，菲（Phe）被用作常见的土壤多环芳烃污染物，我们研究了三种生物炭以1%的施用量添加到三种不同基质（两种农业表层土和纯沙）中的效果。我们评估了所有处理中土壤性质的变化、菲的吸附-解吸以及菲的矿化情况。纯沙中的菲有效地吸附到橄榄修剪废弃物生物炭（OBC）和稻壳生物炭（RBC）上，但松木生物炭（PBC）的效果不佳。在土壤中，OBC和RBC仅增加了粉质土中菲的吸附。生物炭的施用影响了解吸，RBC和OBC均降低了土壤中水溶性菲的含量，这可能有助于防止菲淋溶到天然水体中。相反，OBC和RBC略微降低了土壤中菲的矿化，因此表明污染物的生物有效性较低。总体而言，生物炭在两种受试土壤中的效果较低，这很可能是由于土壤有机碳（SOC）含量较高，分别为2.2%和2.8%，其分配系数（Koc）值与生物炭处于同一范围。然而，添加OBC和RBC可显著增加SOC含量低的土壤对菲的吸附。
