Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Psychiatry Department, Université de Montréal and Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2018 Sep;62(9):746-758. doi: 10.1111/jir.12510. Epub 2018 Jul 2.
Few studies have examined attitudes that may promote the social inclusion of persons with an intellectual disability (ID) among health care providers (HCPs). Yet these attitudes could impact the accessibility and quality of services provided to this population, as well as the general attitudes of HCPs. The objectives of this study were to (1) examine HCPs' pro-inclusion attitudes toward people with ID, (2) compare these to the general population's attitudes and (3) examine how HCPs' attitudes vary as a function of their socio-demographic characteristics.
The Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire was administered to 367 HCPs and a representative sample of the Québec population (N = 1605).
Results indicated that at least half of HCPs displayed positive attitudes, that is, attitudes that are compatible with notions of social inclusion and equal rights, toward individuals with ID. Positive attitudes were less frequently observed for the Interaction and the Sensitivity or tenderness factors measured by the Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire. In comparison with the general population, HCPs exhibited more positive attitudes on the Knowledge of causes and Sensitivity or tenderness factors and less positive attitudes on the Interaction factor. HCPs who regarded themselves as more knowledgeable about ID and those who reported higher quality contacts or interactions with persons with ID expressed attitudes that were more favourable toward social inclusion.
In addition to providing general knowledge about ID and the specific health care needs of individuals with ID, training programmes should also promote interactions with this population. Further studies are needed to document HCPs' pro-inclusion attitudes toward people with ID and to assess the impact of interventions on these attitudes.
很少有研究探讨可能促进医疗保健提供者（HCP）对智障人士（ID）进行社会包容的态度。然而，这些态度可能会影响向该人群提供服务的可及性和质量，以及 HCP 的总体态度。本研究的目的是：（1）检查 HCP 对 ID 人士的支持包容态度，（2）将这些态度与一般人群的态度进行比较，（3）研究 HCP 的态度如何因社会人口特征而异。
向 367 名 HCP 和魁北克代表性人群（N=1605）发放《智力残疾态度问卷》。
结果表明，至少有一半的 HCP 对 ID 人士表现出积极的态度，即与社会包容和平等权利观念相一致的态度。在《智力残疾态度问卷》测量的互动和敏感性或温柔性因素方面，积极的态度不太常见。与一般人群相比，HCP 在知识和敏感性或温柔性因素方面表现出更积极的态度，在互动因素方面表现出更消极的态度。认为自己对 ID 有更多了解的 HCP，以及报告与 ID 人士有更高质量的接触或互动的 HCP，对社会包容的态度更为有利。
除了提供关于 ID 的一般知识和 ID 患者的特定医疗保健需求外，培训计划还应促进与该人群的互动。需要进一步的研究来记录 HCP 对 ID 患者的包容态度，并评估干预措施对这些态度的影响。
