Jao S W, Beart R W, Spencer R J, Reiman H M, Ilstrup D M
Dis Colon Rectum. 1985 Sep;28(9):644-52. doi: 10.1007/BF02553440.
One hundred twenty patients with primary retrorectal tumors (79 congenital, 14 neurogenic, 13 osseous, and 14 miscellaneous) had their initial treatment at the Mayo Clinic from 1960 to 1979. The mean age was 43 years (100 patients were adults). Female predominance was associated with congenital cysts (15:1) and male predominance with chordomas (5:1). Forty-three percent of the patients had malignant lesions. No dermoid cysts were found in this series. Diagnosis was made by digital examination or sacral radiographs in all patients. Computed tomography scan was the most important diagnostic method; the rate of positive findings was 100 percent in 20 patients. Approach to the tumor was posterior in 79 of 102 patients in whom resection was possible. Ten of 66 patients with benign tumors had recurrence. The five-year survival rate for patients with chordomas was 75 percent and for patients with other malignant lesions was 17 percent. Because preoperative biopsy can cause tumor spread, abscess, fecal fistula, or meningitis, it should not be performed if tumors are potentially resectable. Whenever possible, total resection should be done.
1960年至1979年间，120例原发性直肠后肿瘤患者（79例先天性、14例神经源性、13例骨性和14例其他类型）在梅奥诊所接受了初始治疗。平均年龄为43岁（100例为成年人）。女性占优势与先天性囊肿有关（15:1），男性占优势与脊索瘤有关（5:1）。43%的患者有恶性病变。本系列中未发现皮样囊肿。所有患者均通过直肠指检或骶骨X线片进行诊断。计算机断层扫描是最重要的诊断方法；20例患者的阳性发现率为100%。102例可行切除的患者中，79例采用后路 approach 肿瘤。66例良性肿瘤患者中有10例复发。脊索瘤患者的五年生存率为75%，其他恶性病变患者的五年生存率为17%。由于术前活检可能导致肿瘤扩散、脓肿、粪瘘或脑膜炎，如果肿瘤有可能切除，则不应进行术前活检。只要有可能，就应进行全切除。 （注：原文中“Approach to the tumor was posterior in 79 of 102 patients in whom resection was possible.”中的“Approach”翻译存疑，结合语境可能是“手术入路”之类的意思，但不确定准确意思，故保留原文。）
