Casper Mark-Oliver, Nyakatura John A, Pawel Anja, Reimer Christina B, Schubert Torsten, Lauschke Marion
Excellence Cluster "Image Knowledge Gestaltung. An Interdisciplinary Laboratory", Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Working Group "Morphology and the History of Forms", Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2018 Jun 19;9:991. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00991. eCollection 2018.
To evoke the impression of movement in the "immobile" image is one of the central motivations of the visual art, and the activating effect of images has been discussed in art psychology already some 100 years ago. However, this topic has up to now been largely neglected by the researchers in cognitive psychology and neuroscience. This study investigates - from an interdisciplinary perspective - the formation of lateralized instances of motion when an observer perceives movement in an image. A first step was to identify images that evoke a perception of movement in a certain direction and to give this a rating. Reaction times leading to the engagement of a joystick following the presentation of images are used to evidence the postulated movement occasioned by the perception of movement in an image. Where the required direction of joystick moves matched the expected perception of movement direction in the image, significantly shorter reaction times were recorded. The experiment was able to prove a "movement-image compatibility effect" in observers of images. Based on this, the paper revisits and brings up to date the theses on motor sensory response to images which were developed in art psychology at the beginning of the 20th century. It furthermore contributes an embodiment theory interpretation to the prevalent representational explanation of compatibility effects.
在“静止”图像中营造运动感是视觉艺术的核心动机之一，图像的激活效应早在约100年前就已在艺术心理学中得到探讨。然而，这一主题至今在很大程度上被认知心理学和神经科学领域的研究者所忽视。本研究从跨学科视角出发，探究当观察者在图像中感知到运动时，运动侧向实例的形成过程。第一步是识别能引发特定方向运动感知的图像并进行评级。图像呈现后导致操纵杆操作的反应时间，被用于证明由图像中运动感知引发的假定运动。当操纵杆所需移动方向与图像中预期的运动方向相匹配时，记录到的反应时间显著更短。该实验证实了图像观察者中存在“运动 - 图像兼容性效应”。基于此，本文重新审视并更新了20世纪初艺术心理学中关于对图像的运动感觉反应的理论。此外，它还为兼容性效应的普遍表征解释提供了一种具身理论阐释。
