Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Jul 4;190(8):447. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6815-z.
The impact of land-use change on parameters of the soil was evaluated in soil samples from arable land, orchard land, and grassland in West Azerbaijan, Iran, compared with their adjacent natural forestland, using some biological indices. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC); microbial basal respiration (BR); metabolic quotient (qCO2); substrate induced respiration (SIR); carbon availability index (CAI); the microbial quotient, i.e., the ratio of microbial carbon to soil organic carbon (C/C); and soil organic carbon (SOC) were calculated in collected soil samples. Deforestation and long-term land use showed adverse effects on soil biological properties. The spatial distribution of MBC, BR, SIR, and SOC, followed the order: forestland > grassland > orchard land > arable land. SOC showed the highest decline by 67.7% in arable land, 43.6% in orchard land, and 36.3% in grassland, with an average reduction of 49.2% compared with forestland. Similarly, BR and MBC decreased by an average reduction of 41.3 and 34.8%, respectively, compared with forestland. By contrast, the qCO2 index, the CAI index, and the C/C ratio were not affected significantly by land use, except from a significant raise of the C/C ratio in the arable land. Land-use change exerted a remarkable negative influence on soil quality with several soil attributes affected due to cropping compared with adjacent grassland and forestland. At the field level, proper management practices that increase SOC in the soil, e.g., effective recycling of crop residues and manures, should be considered, when land is continuously cultivated.
本研究在伊朗东阿塞拜疆省，利用一些生物指标，评估了耕地、果园和草地土壤中土地利用变化对土壤参数的影响，并与相邻天然林地进行了比较。在采集的土壤样本中计算了微生物生物量碳 (MBC)、微生物基础呼吸 (BR)、代谢商 (qCO2)、底物诱导呼吸 (SIR)、碳可用性指数 (CAI)、微生物商，即微生物碳与土壤有机碳的比值 (C/C) 和土壤有机碳 (SOC)。森林砍伐和长期土地利用对土壤生物特性产生了不利影响。MBC、BR、SIR 和 SOC 的空间分布遵循以下顺序：林地>草地>果园>耕地。SOC 在耕地上下降幅度最大，达 67.7%，果园地下降 43.6%，草地下降 36.3%，与林地相比平均减少 49.2%。同样，BR 和 MBC 分别比林地平均减少 41.3%和 34.8%。相比之下，qCO2 指数、CAI 指数和 C/C 比值受土地利用的影响并不显著，除了耕地的 C/C 比值显著升高。土地利用变化对土壤质量产生了显著的负面影响，与相邻草地和林地相比，由于耕作，一些土壤特性受到影响。在田间水平上，应考虑采用适当的管理措施，例如有效回收作物残茬和肥料，以增加土壤中的 SOC，从而持续耕种土地。
