Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
Aalto Neuroimaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2018 Nov;39(11):4322-4333. doi: 10.1002/hbm.24273. Epub 2018 Jul 4.
Adaptive behavior relies on the ability of the brain to form predictions and monitor action outcomes. In the human brain, the same system is thought to monitor action outcomes regardless of whether the information originates from internal (e.g., proprioceptive) and external (e.g., visual) sensory channels. Neural signatures of processing motor errors and action outcomes communicated by external feedback have been studied extensively; however, the existence of such a general action-monitoring system has not been tested directly. Here, we use concurrent EEG-MEG measurements and a probabilistic learning task to demonstrate that event-related responses measured by electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography display spatiotemporal patterns that allow an effective transfer of a multivariate statistical model discriminating the outcomes across the following conditions: (a) erroneous versus correct motor output, (b) negative versus positive feedback, (c) high- versus low-surprise negative feedback, and (d) erroneous versus correct brain-computer-interface output. We further show that these patterns originate from highly-overlapping neural sources in the medial frontal and the medial parietal cortices. We conclude that information about action outcomes arriving from internal or external sensory channels converges to the same neural system in the human brain, that matches this information to the internal predictions.
适应行为依赖于大脑形成预测和监控行动结果的能力。在人类大脑中，据认为相同的系统能够监控行动结果，而不论信息来自内部（例如，本体感觉）还是外部（例如，视觉）感觉通道。已经广泛研究了处理运动错误和外部反馈传达的行动结果的神经特征；然而，尚未直接测试这种通用的行动监控系统是否存在。在这里，我们使用同时进行的 EEG-MEG 测量和概率学习任务来证明，通过脑电图和脑磁图测量的事件相关反应显示出时空模式，这些模式允许有效地转移一个多元统计模型，该模型可在以下条件下区分结果：（a）运动输出错误与正确，（b）负反馈与正反馈，（c）高惊喜负反馈与低惊喜负反馈，以及（d）脑机接口输出错误与正确。我们进一步表明，这些模式源自内侧额和内侧顶叶皮层中的高度重叠的神经源。我们的结论是，来自内部或外部感觉通道的关于行动结果的信息在人脑的相同神经系统中汇聚，并将这些信息与内部预测相匹配。
