Hou Xian Qing, Wu Peng Nian, Wang Yan Li, Li Pei Fu, Wang Xi Na, Li Rong
School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2018 Jun;29(6):1928-1934. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201806.023.
The study focused on the problems of lean soil and low fertility in arid area of central Ningxia. To explore the optimum rate of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application under straw returning, taking the treatment with straw return and no nitrogen fertilization as control, we investigated the effects of three N application levels (150, 300, 450 kg·hm) with return of total maize straw (9000 kg·hm) on soil water and nutrient status and maize yield. The results showed that the soil water storage (0-100 cm) at 300 and 450 kg N·hm in middle and late growing period of maize was significantly increased by 10.1% and 9.0%. The enhancement of soil fertility was highest at 300 kg N·hm, with significant increases of the contents of soil organic matter, total N, alkali-hydrolyzable-N, available P, and available K by 12.8%, 31.6%, 11.6%, 20.6% and 74.2%, respectively. The enhancement of maize grain yield was highest at 300 and 450 kg N·hm, with the value being 32.1% and 23.7%, respectively. The net income at 300 and 450 kg·hm N was significantly increased by 31.8% and 16.8%, respectively. Our results showed that straw returning plus proper quantity of N fertilizer could improve soil water and fertilizer status and enhance maize yield and net income in arid area of central Ningxia. The treatment of straw returning with 300 kg·hm N was the best one.
该研究聚焦于宁夏中部干旱地区土壤贫瘠和肥力低下的问题。为探究秸秆还田条件下氮肥的最佳施用量，以秸秆还田不施氮肥处理为对照，研究了三种施氮水平（150、300、450 kg·hm）及全量玉米秸秆还田（9000 kg·hm）对土壤水分、养分状况及玉米产量的影响。结果表明，玉米生长中后期施氮量为300和450 kg N·hm时，土壤贮水量（0 - 100 cm）显著增加，增幅分别为10.1%和9.0%。土壤肥力提升在施氮量为300 kg N·hm时最高，土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别显著增加12.8%、31.6%、11.6%、20.6%和74.2%。玉米籽粒产量提升在施氮量为300和450 kg N·hm时最高，增幅分别为32.1%和23.7%。施氮量为300和450 kg·hm时纯收入分别显著增加31.8%和16.8%。结果表明，秸秆还田配施适量氮肥可改善宁夏中部干旱地区土壤水肥状况，提高玉米产量和纯收入。秸秆还田配施300 kg·hm氮肥处理效果最佳。
