Pawliczuk Witold, Kaźmierczak-Mytkowska Anna, Srebnicki Tomasz, Wolańczyk Tomasz
Klinika Psychiatrii Wieku Rozwojowego Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego.
Psychiatr Pol. 2018 Apr 30;52(2):345-353. doi: 10.12740/PP/75738.
Emergence of mental health problems in childhood can seriously affect further development of a man and thus hamper his adaptation to adult life. Children in residential institutions may be particularly vulnerable at risk of abnormal mental development, this includes so-called 'children's homes'. In the article we present an overview of the few studies carried out so far in the European residential institutions, including children's homes, over the years 1940-2011 in the UK, Germany, Romania, and Poland. Firstly, we briefly describe a classic research carried out in the world in the 1940s among children from children's homes. Secondly, we present a study conducted in the UK among children and youth from different age groups staying in residential institutions, including children's homes. Then we focus on studies carried out among children and adolescents form German residential institutions and on a group of preschool children from Romanian children's homes. At the end of the article we describe the first epidemiological study carried out in Poland on the population of children and young people staying in children's homes in Warsaw. The review of researches shows that children from day-care facilities are a population with a high prevalence of psychiatric disorder. Children and youth staying in residential institutions probably require specialized psychiatric, psychological and psychotherapeutic care.
儿童期心理健康问题的出现会严重影响一个人的进一步发展，从而阻碍其适应成年生活。寄宿机构中的儿童在心理发育异常方面可能特别脆弱，这包括所谓的“儿童之家”。在本文中，我们概述了1940年至2011年间在英国、德国、罗马尼亚和波兰针对包括儿童之家在内的欧洲寄宿机构开展的一些研究。首先，我们简要描述20世纪40年代在世界范围内对儿童之家中的儿童进行的一项经典研究。其次，我们介绍在英国针对寄宿机构（包括儿童之家）中不同年龄组的儿童和青少年开展的一项研究。然后，我们重点关注在德国寄宿机构中的儿童和青少年以及罗马尼亚儿童之家中一组学龄前儿童开展的研究。在文章结尾，我们描述了在波兰针对华沙儿童之家中的儿童和年轻人开展的第一项流行病学研究。研究综述表明，日托机构中的儿童是精神障碍患病率较高的人群。寄宿机构中的儿童和青少年可能需要专门的精神科、心理和心理治疗护理。
