HiPP GmbH & Co. Vertrieb KG, Pfaffenhofen, Germany.
Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
PLoS One. 2018 Jul 5;13(7):e0199859. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199859. eCollection 2018.
The relationships between nutrition, metabolic response, early growth and later body weight have been investigated in human studies. The aim of this follow-up study was to assess the long-term effect of infant feeding on growth and to study whether the infant metabolome at the age of 4 months might predict anthropometry at 4 years of age. The Belgrade-Munich infant milk trial (BeMIM) was a randomized controlled trial in which healthy term infants received either a protein-reduced infant formula (1.89 g protein/100 kcal) containing alpha-lactalbumin enriched whey and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), or a standard formula (2.2 g protein/100 kcal) without LC-PUFA, focusing on safety and suitability. Non-randomized breastfed infants were used as a reference group. Of the 259 infants that completed the BeMIM study at the age of 4 months (anthropometry assessment and blood sampling), 187 children participated in a follow-up visit at 4 years of age. Anthropometry including weight, standing height, head circumference, and percent body fat was determined using skinfolds (triceps, subscapular) and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Plasma metabolite concentration, collected in samples at the age of 4 months, was measured using flow-injection tandem mass spectrometry. A linear regression model was applied to estimate the associations between each metabolite and growth with metabolites as an independent variable. At 4 years of age, there were no significant group differences in anthropometry and body composition between formula groups. Six metabolites (Asn, Lys, Met, Phe, Trp, Tyr) measured at 4 months of age were significantly associated with changes in weight-for-age z-score between 1 to 4 months of age and BMI-for-age z-score (Tyr only), after adjustment for feeding group. No correlation was found between measured metabolites and long-term growth (up to 4 years of age). No long-term effects of early growth patterns were shown on anthropometry at 4 years of age. The composition of infant formula influences the metabolic profile and early growth, while long-term programming effects were not observed in this study.
营养、代谢反应、早期生长和后期体重之间的关系已经在人体研究中进行了探讨。本随访研究的目的是评估婴儿喂养对生长的长期影响，并研究 4 个月大婴儿的代谢组是否可以预测 4 岁时的人体测量学指标。贝尔格莱德-慕尼黑婴儿配方奶试验（BeMIM）是一项随机对照试验，其中健康足月婴儿接受含有富含α-乳白蛋白的乳清和长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）的蛋白质降低配方奶粉（1.89 克蛋白质/100 千卡）或不含 LC-PUFA 的标准配方奶粉（2.2 克蛋白质/100 千卡），重点关注安全性和适用性。非随机母乳喂养的婴儿作为参考组。在完成 BeMIM 研究的 259 名 4 个月大的婴儿（人体测量评估和血液采样）中，有 187 名儿童在 4 岁时参加了随访。使用皮褶（三头肌、肩胛下）和生物电阻抗分析来确定包括体重、站立身高、头围和体脂肪百分比在内的人体测量学指标。在 4 个月大时收集的血浆代谢物浓度使用流动注射串联质谱法进行测量。应用线性回归模型估计每个代谢物与生长之间的关联，其中代谢物为自变量。在 4 岁时，配方组之间的人体测量学和身体成分没有显著差异。在调整喂养组后，6 种代谢物（Asn、Lys、Met、Phe、Trp、Tyr）在 4 个月大时测量的结果与 1 至 4 个月龄时体重与年龄 z 评分的变化和 BMI 与年龄 z 评分（仅 Tyr）显著相关。未发现测量的代谢物与长期生长（至 4 岁）之间存在相关性。早期生长模式对 4 岁时的人体测量学没有长期影响。婴儿配方奶粉的成分会影响代谢谱和早期生长，而本研究未观察到长期编程效应。
