工作记忆理论：定义、模块化程度、注意力作用及目的方面的差异
Theories of Working Memory: Differences in Definition, Degree of Modularity, Role of Attention, and Purpose.
作者信息
Adams Eryn J, Nguyen Anh T, Cowan Nelson
机构信息
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia.
出版信息
Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2018 Jul 5;49(3):340-355. doi: 10.1044/2018_LSHSS-17-0114.
Abstract
PURPOSE
The purpose of this article is to review and discuss theories of working memory with special attention to their relevance to language processing.
METHOD
We begin with an overview of the concept of working memory itself and review some of the major theories. Then, we show how theories of working memory can be organized according to their stances on 3 major issues that distinguish them: modularity (on a continuum from domain-general to very modular), attention (on a continuum from automatic to completely attention demanding), and purpose (on a continuum from idiographic, or concerned with individual differences, to nomothetic, or concerned with group norms). We examine recent research that has a bearing on these distinctions.
RESULTS
Our review shows important differences between working memory theories that can be described according to positions on the 3 continua just noted.
CONCLUSION
Once properly understood, working memory theories, methods, and data can serve as quite useful tools for language research.
摘要
目的
本文旨在回顾和讨论工作记忆理论，并特别关注其与语言处理的相关性。
方法
我们首先概述工作记忆本身的概念，并回顾一些主要理论。然后，我们展示工作记忆理论如何根据它们在区分它们的三个主要问题上的立场进行组织：模块化（从领域通用到非常模块化的连续体）、注意力（从自动到完全需要注意力的连续体）和目的（从独特的，或关注个体差异，到普遍的，或关注群体规范的连续体）。我们研究了与这些区别相关的最新研究。
结果
我们的综述表明，根据刚才提到的三个连续体上的位置可以描述的工作记忆理论之间存在重要差异。
结论
一旦得到正确理解，工作记忆理论、方法和数据可以作为语言研究非常有用的工具。
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