Gao Hui-le, Jiang Xin-guo
Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2017 Feb;52(2):181-8.
The development of pharmaceuticals has been providing many kinds of novel drug delivery systems, which are important for improving therapeutic effect and one of the most important fields in pharmaceutics. According to their application, we can generally divide the novel drug delivery systems into three categories: quickly performed drug delivery system, long-term drug delivery system and high effective drug delivery system. Some diseases, such as asthma, angina pectoris and migraine, require therapeutics urgently, and the drugs have to be absorbed in several minutes. Therefore, quickly performed drug delivery systems are developed, such as oral disintegrating tablets and nasal spray. For normal tablets and capsules, especially the drugs with short blood half life, the drug concentration in blood shows obvious peak-valley phenomenon, which reduces the therapeutic effect and requires multiple administration. To solve this problem, sustained drug release system was developed, which could release the drugs slowly and sustainably even in zero-order kinetics. The pulse drug delivery system was developed that can delayed and pulsed release drug for one or several times. This system is especially useful in the management of asthma and heart disease, which are often found in midnight or early morning when patients are in bed. Transdermal drug delivery system could release drugs sustainably and deliver the drugs through skin to blood circulation, providing long term activity. The water-insoluble drugs are difficult for pharmaceutical development, thus many methods were developed to improve the solubility and bioavailability of drugs. Although biopharmaceuticals are important for disease treatment, the application shadows by the poor stability and low bioavailability. Thus the biopharmaceutical delivery system was developed, which mainly focused on structure modification and encapsulation by carriers. Considering therapeutic effect requires interaction between drugs and their targets, it is important to deliver drugs to their targets. Therefore, targeting delivery systems were developed, which mainly based on the nanoparticles. Furthermore, on-demand release drug delivery systems are also developed with the property of environment-triggered drug release. In conclusion, the novel drug delivery systems were reviewed in this study.
药物研发一直在提供多种新型药物递送系统，这对于提高治疗效果至关重要，也是药剂学中最重要的领域之一。根据其应用，我们通常可将新型药物递送系统分为三类：速释药物递送系统、长效药物递送系统和高效药物递送系统。一些疾病，如哮喘、心绞痛和偏头痛，需要紧急治疗，药物必须在几分钟内被吸收。因此，开发了速释药物递送系统，如口腔崩解片和鼻喷雾剂。对于普通片剂和胶囊，尤其是血半衰期短的药物，血液中的药物浓度会出现明显的峰谷现象，这会降低治疗效果并需要多次给药。为了解决这个问题，开发了缓释药物系统，即使在零级动力学条件下也能缓慢且持续地释放药物。还开发了脉冲药物递送系统，该系统可以延迟并脉冲释放药物一次或多次。这个系统在哮喘和心脏病的治疗中特别有用，这些疾病常在午夜或清晨患者卧床时发作。透皮药物递送系统可以持续释放药物，并通过皮肤将药物输送到血液循环中，提供长期活性。水不溶性药物的药物研发难度较大，因此人们开发了许多方法来提高药物的溶解度和生物利用度。尽管生物制药对疾病治疗很重要，但其应用受到稳定性差和生物利用度低的影响。因此，开发了生物制药递送系统，其主要集中在结构修饰和载体包封方面。考虑到治疗效果需要药物与其靶点之间的相互作用，将药物递送至靶点很重要。因此，开发了靶向递送系统，其主要基于纳米颗粒。此外，还开发了具有环境触发药物释放特性的按需释放药物递送系统。总之，本研究对新型药物递送系统进行了综述。
