Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Fertil Steril. 2018 Jul 1;110(1):19-24. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.02.126.
In vitro fertilization (IVF) began in Melbourne in 1970 when Carl Wood founded a research group at the Queen Victoria Hospital. The group reported the first biochemical pregnancy from a transferred IVF embryo in 1973. The group included the Royal Women's Hospital Melbourne, and they were the first to report confirmation of the British group's pregnancies with the use of IVF in natural cycles in 1980. The group then split, and the Monash group pursued fertility drug-induced multiple follicle growth in controlled ovulatory cycles and demonstrated for the first time that they could achieve multiple pregnancies in 1980-1981. This became the basis of a sustainable procedure for treating infertile patients. Successful embryo freezing and thawing methods resulted in pregnancies for the first time and were adopted to cryopreserve excess embryos produced after superovulation. Embryo donation methods were devised for anovulatory patients and were the first reported use of oocyte in vitro maturation techniques (IVM) for polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. Sperm microinjection techniques were pioneered for enabling fertilization for severely infertile men, and micromanipulative techniques were published for embryo biopsy for potential use in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for patients with inheritable genetic diseases. The latter research programs were hampered by creation of restrictive embryo research laws in the State of Victoria, handicapping their timely clinical applications. Work on cryopreservation of ovarian tissue for cancer patients enabled clinical application of this for patients at risk of loss of fertility. Vitrification was developed as an alternative to freezing for oocytes and embryos, and this has now replaced the original slow cooling methods. Blastocyst culture systems were devised and optimized to improve IVF success and PGD.
体外受精（IVF）于 1970 年在墨尔本开始，当时卡尔·伍德（Carl Wood）在维多利亚女王医院（Queen Victoria Hospital）成立了一个研究小组。该小组于 1973 年报告了首例从转移的 IVF 胚胎中获得的生化妊娠。该小组包括墨尔本皇家妇女医院（Royal Women's Hospital Melbourne），他们是第一个报告在自然周期中使用 IVF 确认英国小组妊娠的小组，这是在 1980 年。该小组随后分裂，莫纳什小组在控制性排卵周期中追求生育药物诱导的多个卵泡生长，并首次证明他们可以在 1980-1981 年实现多胎妊娠。这成为治疗不孕患者的可持续程序的基础。成功的胚胎冷冻和解冻方法首次导致妊娠，并被采用来冷冻超排卵后产生的多余胚胎。胚胎捐赠方法被设计用于无排卵患者，并且首次报道了在多囊卵巢综合征患者中使用卵母细胞体外成熟技术（IVM）。精子显微注射技术为严重不育男性的受精开辟了先河，并发表了胚胎活检的显微操作技术，以潜在用于具有遗传疾病的患者的植入前遗传诊断（PGD）。由于维多利亚州制定了限制性胚胎研究法，这些研究计划受到阻碍，阻碍了它们的及时临床应用。为癌症患者冷冻保存卵巢组织的工作使这种方法能够用于有生育能力丧失风险的患者。玻璃化被开发为卵母细胞和胚胎冷冻的替代方法，现已取代了原始的缓慢冷却方法。囊胚培养系统被设计和优化，以提高 IVF 成功率和 PGD。
