Tengiz Oniani Laboratory of Sleep-Wakefulness Study, Ilia State University, G Building, Kakutsa Cholokashvili Ave. 3/5, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia.
Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78-00185, Rome, Italy.
Sleep Med. 2018 Oct;50:42-47. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.05.013. Epub 2018 May 29.
The aim of this study was to examine sleep and psycho-behavioral variables in Georgian Internally Displaced (ID) Children and their population-based controls.
One hundred and sixty one children (10.85 ± 0.9) from ID families escaped from Shida Kartli, Georgia, and 161 non-ID children (10.94 ± 0.9) were studied after seven years of displacement. Children completed the Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale, Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Child Trauma Screening Questionnaire (CTSQ). In addition, we assessed the children's appraisal of the family environment. Moreover, parents reported socio-demographic information, their children's academic excellence, and completed the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).
Compared with the control group, ID children had a lower level of academic excellence and family environment (p < 0.01) as well as higher scores in all SDSC dimensions with the significant difference for breathing (p < 0.001), hyperhidrosis and SDSC total scores (p < 0.05). Cognitive pre-sleep arousal was significantly higher in non-IDs (p < 0.01), while there was no difference between groups in somatic pre-sleep arousal level. All BPAQ component and total scores were higher in IDs than in non-IDs but the difference was significant only in Physical Aggression (p < 0.01). Mean scores for BDI and PSS were significantly higher in ID than non-ID parents (p < 0.001). Both cognitive and somatic pre-sleep arousal predicted SDSC total score in non-IDs (p < 0.01) while cognitive but not somatic arousal was significant predictor in IDs (p < 0.01).
Sleep and psycho-behavioral problems are noticeable even in those ID children who were very young at the time of displacement. Psycho-social environment in which children are growing up warrants major consideration in ID population.
本研究旨在探讨格鲁吉亚境内流离失所（ID）儿童及其基于人群的对照儿童的睡眠和心理行为变量。
从格鲁吉亚 Shida Kartli 逃离的 161 名 ID 家庭儿童（10.85±0.9 岁）和 161 名非 ID 儿童（10.94±0.9 岁）在流离失所七年后接受了研究。儿童完成了 Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale、Buss-Perry 攻击问卷（BPAQ）、儿童抑郁量表（CDI）和儿童创伤筛查问卷（CTSQ）。此外，我们评估了儿童对家庭环境的看法。此外，父母报告了社会人口统计学信息、他们孩子的学业成绩，并完成了睡眠障碍量表儿童版（SDSC）、贝克抑郁量表第二版（BDI）和感知压力量表（PSS）。
与对照组相比，ID 儿童的学业成绩和家庭环境较低（p<0.01），SDSC 所有维度的得分均较高，呼吸（p<0.001）、多汗和 SDSC 总分（p<0.05）差异显著。非 ID 儿童的认知性睡前觉醒显著较高（p<0.01），而两组之间的躯体性睡前觉醒水平无差异。ID 儿童的所有 BPAQ 成分和总分均高于非 ID 儿童，但仅在身体攻击方面差异显著（p<0.01）。ID 父母的 BDI 和 PSS 平均分均显著高于非 ID 父母（p<0.001）。非 ID 儿童的认知性和躯体性睡前觉醒均能预测 SDSC 总分（p<0.01），而 ID 儿童仅认知性觉醒是显著预测因子（p<0.01）。
即使是在流离失所时非常年幼的 ID 儿童中，也能明显发现睡眠和心理行为问题。儿童成长的心理社会环境需要在 ID 人群中得到更多关注。
