Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, Spain.
Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain.
Hum Reprod. 2018 Aug 1;33(8):1528-1537. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dey234.
Are maternal and paternal preconception urinary bisphenol A (BPA) or bisphenol S (BPS) concentrations associated with offspring birth size?
Maternal-but not paternal-preconception urinary BPA concentrations were associated with lower birth size among couples seeking fertility evaluation.
Prenatal BPA exposure has been previously associated with reduced birth size in some but not all epidemiologic studies. However, the potential effect of BPA exposure before conception in either parent is unknown. Data on BPS is practically absent.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Ongoing prospective preconception cohort of women and men seeking fertility evaluation between 2005 and 2016 in a large fertility center in an academic hospital in Boston, MA, USA.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: We examined the association between maternal and paternal preconception, as well as maternal prenatal urinary BPA and BPS concentrations, and size at birth among 346 singletons from couples recruited in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study using multivariable linear regression. Infant birth weight and head circumference were abstracted from delivery records. Mean preconception and prenatal exposures were estimated by averaging urinary ln-BPA and ln-BPS concentrations in multiple maternal and paternal urine samples collected before pregnancy, and maternal pregnancy samples collected in each trimester.
Maternal preconception urinary BPA concentrations were inversely associated with birth weight and head circumference in adjusted models: each ln-unit increase was associated with a decrease in birth weight of 119 g (95% CI: -212, -27), and a head circumference decrease of 0.72 cm (95% CI: -1.3, -0.1). Additional adjustment by gestational age or prenatal BPA exposure modestly attenuated results. Women with higher prenatal BPA concentrations had infants with lower mean birth weight (-75 g, 95% CI: -153, 2) although this did not achieve statistical significance. Paternal preconception urinary BPA concentrations were not associated with either birth weight or head circumference. No consistent patterns emerged for BPS concentrations measured in either parent.
LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: We observed a strong negative association between maternal-but not paternal-preconception BPA concentrations and offspring birth size among a subfertile population. Although these results are overall consistent with prior studies on prenatal BPA exposure, these findings may not be generalizable to women without fertility concerns.
This study suggests that the unexplored maternal preconception period may be a sensitive window for BPA effects on birth outcomes.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): Work supported by Grants (ES R01 009718, ES 022955 and ES 000002) from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). C.M. was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. There are no competing interests to declare.
母亲和父亲的孕前尿液双酚 A（BPA）或双酚 S（BPS）浓度是否与后代出生体重有关？
在寻求生育评估的夫妇中，母亲的孕前 BPA 浓度与出生体重较小有关，但父亲的孕前 BPA 浓度则没有关联。
先前的研究表明，产前 BPA 暴露与某些但并非所有流行病学研究中的出生体重降低有关。然而，目前尚不清楚父母双方在受孕前的 BPA 暴露对婴儿的潜在影响。关于 BPS 的数据几乎不存在。
研究设计、规模、持续时间：这是一项正在进行的前瞻性孕前队列研究，纳入了 2005 年至 2016 年间在美国马萨诸塞州波士顿一家学术医院的大型生育中心寻求生育评估的女性和男性。
参与者/材料、设置、方法：我们使用多变量线性回归分析，研究了 346 名在 EARTH 研究中招募的夫妇的单胎婴儿中，母亲和父亲的孕前以及母亲孕期的尿液 BPA 和 BPS 浓度与出生体重之间的关系。从分娩记录中提取婴儿的出生体重和头围。通过对妊娠前多次收集的母亲和父亲尿液样本以及每个孕期收集的母亲尿液样本中 BPA 和 BPS 的 ln 浓度进行平均，来估算平均孕前和孕期暴露水平。
在调整模型中，母亲的孕前 BPA 浓度与出生体重和头围呈负相关：ln 单位增加与出生体重降低 119 克（95%CI：-212，-27）和头围降低 0.72 厘米（95%CI：-1.3，-0.1）相关。进一步调整妊娠年龄或产前 BPA 暴露程度略微减弱了结果。具有较高产前 BPA 浓度的女性所生婴儿的平均出生体重较低（-75 克，95%CI：-153，2），尽管这并未达到统计学意义。父亲的孕前 BPA 浓度与出生体重或头围均无关联。父母双方的 BPS 浓度均未呈现出一致的模式。
局限性、谨慎的原因：我们观察到在亚生育人群中，母亲的孕前 BPA 浓度与后代的出生体重之间存在强烈的负相关，但父亲的孕前 BPA 浓度则没有关联。尽管这些结果总体上与先前关于产前 BPA 暴露的研究一致，但这些发现可能不适用于没有生育问题的女性。
这项研究表明，在未被探索的母亲孕前时期，BPA 对出生结局的影响可能是一个敏感的窗口期。
研究资金/利益冲突：本研究由美国国立环境卫生科学研究所（NIEHS）的拨款（ES R01 009718、ES 022955 和 ES 000002）支持。C.M. 得到了加拿大卫生研究院博士后奖学金的支持。没有利益冲突需要声明。
