Kafle Simrin, Pradhan Bandana
Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.
J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2018 Jul 3;16(2):160-164.
Makwanpur district was declared Open Defecation Free in 2013 as the movement started in Nepal since 2003 to address the high burden of diarrhoeal disease among under five children. As the water supply, sanitation and hygiene situation of the district is not known after the declaration, the need for this study was visualized.
It was a cross sectional study among randomly sampled 178 households using interview and observation. Water, sanitation and hygiene situation was assessed in terms of related facilities, knowledge and practices of mothers. Results were compared with the standard open defecation free criteria of Nepal. Five years trend of diarrhoeal disease was analysed from the health facility records to assess the impact of declaration.
Of the total households 92% had toilets and 90% had access to improved water source. About 79% mothers had high knowledge on safe water, sanitation and hygiene and 43% practiced hand washing with soap at critical times. Proper disposal of solid and liquid waste was found among 32% and 46% of households respectively. About 68% of households had good water, sanitation and hygiene situation and was found to be significantly associated with related knowledge among mothers irrespective of their economic status. Diarrhoeal disease among under five children was found declining after open defecation free declaration.
Water, sanitation and hygiene status in the study area is found lower than the criteria for open defecation free declaration. However, diarrhoeal disease among children under five is declining after the declaration.
自2003年尼泊尔启动旨在解决五岁以下儿童腹泻疾病高负担问题的运动以来，马克万布尔区于2013年宣布实现无露天排便。由于宣布之后该地区的供水、环境卫生和个人卫生状况不明，因此设想了开展本研究的必要性。
这是一项横断面研究，采用访谈和观察法对178户随机抽样家庭进行调查。从相关设施、母亲的知识和行为方面对供水、环境卫生和个人卫生状况进行评估。将结果与尼泊尔无露天排便的标准进行比较。从卫生机构记录中分析腹泻疾病的五年趋势，以评估宣布无露天排便的影响。
在所有家庭中，92%有厕所，90%可使用改善水源。约79%的母亲对安全用水、环境卫生和个人卫生有较高认识，43%的母亲在关键时候会用肥皂洗手。分别有32%和46%的家庭能妥善处理固体和液体废物。约68%的家庭有良好的供水、环境卫生和个人卫生状况，且发现这与母亲的相关知识显著相关，无论其经济状况如何。在宣布无露天排便之后，五岁以下儿童的腹泻疾病有所下降。
研究区域的供水、环境卫生和个人卫生状况低于无露天排便宣布的标准。然而，宣布之后五岁以下儿童的腹泻疾病正在减少。
