Mobbs Dean, Kim Jeansok J
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027. U.S.A.
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. U.S.A.
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2015 Oct;5:8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.06.005. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
Prey are relentlessly faced with a series of survival problems to solve. One enduring problem is predation, where the prey's answers rely on the complex interaction between actions cultivated during its life course and defense reactions passed down by descendants. To understand the proximate neural responses to analogous threats, affective neuroscientists have favored well-controlled associative learning paradigms, yet researchers are now creating semi-realistic environments that examine the dynamic flow of decision-making and escape calculations that mimic the prey's real world choices. In the context of research from the field of ethology and behavioral ecology, we review some of the recent literature in rodent and human neuroscience and discuss how these studies have the potential to provide new insights into the behavioral expression, computations, and the neural circuits that underlie healthy and pathological fear and anxiety.
猎物一直面临着一系列亟待解决的生存问题。一个长期存在的问题是捕食，猎物应对捕食的方式依赖于其在生命历程中习得的行为与后代传承的防御反应之间的复杂相互作用。为了理解对类似威胁的直接神经反应，情感神经科学家倾向于采用严格控制的联想学习范式，但研究人员如今正在创建半现实环境，以研究模仿猎物现实世界选择的决策动态流程和逃生计算。在动物行为学和行为生态学领域研究的背景下，我们回顾了啮齿动物和人类神经科学领域的一些近期文献，并讨论了这些研究如何有可能为健康和病理性恐惧与焦虑背后的行为表达、计算以及神经回路提供新的见解。
